LOCATION DAYTON OR
Established Series
Rev. WRP/DRJ/RWL
02/2015
DAYTON SERIES
The Dayton series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils that formed in silty and clayey glaciolacustrine deposits. Dayton soils are on terraces. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 42 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 52 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Albaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Dayton silt loam, cultivated. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine irregular pores; many very fine roots; strongly acid (pH 5.1); abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
E1--9 to 12 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam, gray (10YR 6/1) dry; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; many fine irregular pores; common fine black and dark reddish brown redox masses or fine concretions; strongly acid (pH 5.1); clear smooth boundary. (3 to 9 inches thick)
E2--12 to 15 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silt loam, gray (10YR 6/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine tubular pores; common very fine roots; common fine black and dark reddish brown redox masses or fine concretions; strongly acid (pH 5.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
2Bt1--15 to 22 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and gray (10YR 6/1) dry; moderate coarse prismatic structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; many fine tubular pores; common very fine roots; few medium black redox masses and gray coatings on faces of peds; strongly acid (pH 5.2); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 21 inches thick)
2Bt2--22 to 29 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay, light olive gray (5Y 6/2) dry; moderate medium and coarse prismatic structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; many very fine tubular pores; clay films not discernible; common black and dark reddish brown redox masses or fine concretions; moderately acid (pH 5.7); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
2BCt1--29 to 40 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay, light gray (5Y 7/2) dry; moderate medium prismatic structure; hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; many fine tubular pores; many prominent clay films on faces of peds and along pores; few prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
2BCt2--40 to 53 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silt loam, light olive gray (5Y 6/2) dry; massive; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few coarse tubular pores; many faint clay films on fractures and prominent clay films along pores; common prominent brown (10YR 4/3) masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
3C1--53 to 64 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry; massive; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common fine faint brown (10YR 4/3) masses of iron accumulation; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 32 inches thick)
3C2--64 to 76 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry; massive; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; neutral (pH 7.2).
TYPE LOCATION: Linn County, Oregon; about 1,500 feet north and 1,300 feet west of the SE corner of section 19, T. 12 S., R. 3 W. Willamette Meridian, Tangent, Oregon, USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle. Latitude 44 degrees, 30 minutes, 33 seconds N.; Longitude 123 degrees, 05 minutes, 35 seconds W. NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The soils are usually moist and are saturated with water during the winter and spring. The mean annual soil temperature is 52 to 55 degrees F. The soils are more than 60 inches deep. Depth to aquic conditions with chroma of 2 or less, with or without redox concentrations, is from the surface to 10 inches. Depth to the 2Bt and abrupt textural change ranges from 12 to 24 inches. The pscs has 40 to 50 percent clay.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5 moist, 6 or 7 dry, and chroma of 1 or 2 moist and dry. It has weak to moderate subangular blocky or granular structure. Texture is silt loam with 15 to 25 percent clay and 0 to 3 percent gravel. It has none to common redox concentrations. Reaction is very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 4 to 6 moist, 6 or 7 dry, and chroma of 1 or 2 moist and dry. It has weak to moderate subangular blocky structure, however tillage can result in platy of prismatic structure or destroy structure. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam with 20 to 30 percent clay. It has few to common redox concentrations. Reaction is very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or neutral, value of 4 or 5 moist, 5 to 7 dry, and chroma of 0 to 2 moist and dry. It has weak to moderate prismatic parting to subangular or angular blocky structure. Texture is clay or silty clay with 40 to 50 percent clay. It has few to many redox concentrations. Reaction is strongly acid to slightly acid.
The 2BCt horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 4 or 5 moist, 5 to 7 dry, and chroma of 0 to 2 moist and dry. It has weak to moderate prismatic or subangular blocky structure and may be massive in the lower part. It has few to many redox concentrations. Texture is clay or silty clay with 40 to 50 percent clay in the upper part and silty clay loam or silt loam with 20 to 35 percent clay in the lower part. Reaction is moderately acid to neutral.
The 3C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5 moist, 6 or 7 day, and chroma of 1 to 4 moist and dry. It has weak prismatic structure or is massive. Texture is silt loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay with 15 to 50 percent clay. It has 0 to 15 percent gravel. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Adco,
Appanoose,
Awbrig,
Belinda,
Chariton,
Glensted, Putnum,
Rubio, and
Wagner series. Adco soils lack a discontinuity and have aquic conditions at a depth of 12 to 30 inches. Appanoose soils lack a discontinuity, have a particle-size control section averaging 48 to 55 percent clay, and a solum depth of greater than 55 inches. Awbrig soils are 5 to 12 inches to a 2Bt argillic horizon, has 50 to 60 percent clay in the particle-size control section, and lacks an albic horizon. Belinda soils lack a discontinuity and a 3C horizon, and depth to the base of the argillic horizon is greater than 40 inches. Chariton soils lack a discontinuity, have 48 to 60 percent clay in the particle-size control section, and have a solum dominated by material of loess origin. Glensted soils have a particle-size control section with 1 to 15 percent chert gravel.
Putnam soils lack a discontinuity, and have 48 to 60 percent clay in the particle-size control section of loess origin over Kansas till. Rubio soils lack a discontinuity and have 35 to 42 percent clay in the particle-size control section of Wisconsin age loess origin. Wagner soils lack a discontinuity and have Btg horizons.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Dayton soils are on nearly level or somewhat concave, slightly depressed parts of broad valley terraces at elevations of 150 to 400 feet. They formed in silty and clayey glaciolacustrine deposits. Summers are warm and dry and winters are cool and moist. Average January temperature is 39 to 40 degrees F., average July temperature is 65 to 67 degrees F., and mean annual temperature is 50 to 54 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is 40 to 50 inches. The frost-free period is 165 to 210 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Aloha,
Amity,
Concord,
Holcomb,
Willamette, and
Woodburn soils. Concord soils do not have an abrupt textural change between the albic and argillic horizons and occur in depressions on terraces. Aloha soils are fine-silty and have aquic conditions with chroma of 2 or less at 10 to 20 inches from the surface. Amity soils are fine-silty and have a mollic epipedon. Holcomb soils have a mollic epipedon and have aquic conditions with chroma of 2 or less at 10 to 20 inches from the surface. Willamette and Woodburn soils are fine-silty and are on higher terraces.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained; slow runoff or ponded; very slow permeability. A perched water table is at its uppermost limit from November toApril and is ponded from December to April. This soil also has an apparent water table.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for growing spring grains, grass seed, hay and pasture. Native vegetation is grasses, weeds, rosebushes and widely spaced ash trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Dayton soils are found throughout the Willamette Valley in western Oregon; MLRA 2. They are extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Yamhill County, Oregon, 1917.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features include:
Ochric epipedon
Albic horizon - the zone from 9 to 15 inches (E1 and E2 horizons).
Argillic horizon - the zone from 15 to 53 inches (2Bt1, 2Bt2, 2BCt1 and 2BCt2 horizons).
Aqualfs feature - redox features in all layers between 10 and 16 inches, and more than 50 percent redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less and redox concentrations within the upper 5 inches of the 2Bt1 horizon.
Vertic feature - an estimated COLE of 6.8 from 0 to 40 inches.
Classification revised 3/00 from Typic Albaqualfs to Vertic Albaqualfs based on addition of Vertic subgroup to Soil Taxonomy.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data for pedons (S62Oreg-22-1 and S62Oreg-22-2) from the SCS Laboratory at Riverside, California and for 1 pedon (S59Oreg-22-6) from the OSU Soils Laboratory. The soil survey sample numbers include: S62OR-043-001, S62OR-043-002, S91OR-003-001, S92OR-003-005, S96OR-043-001.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.