LOCATION PUTNAM MOEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Albaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Putnam silt loam - on a one percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, rubbed, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine roots throughout; many very fine tubular pores; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (15 to 25 centimeters or 6 to 10 inches thick)
Eg--20 to 36 centimeters (8 to 14 inches); 60 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and 40 percent gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine roots throughout; many very fine tubular pores; few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) non-cemented irregular masses of oxidized iron accumulation throughout with clear boundaries; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (10 to 24 centimeters or 4 to 9 inches thick)
Btg1--36 to 53 centimeters (14 to 21 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; many very fine roots throughout; many very fine tubular pores; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) non-cemented irregular masses of oxidized iron accumulation throughout with clear boundaries; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Btg2--53 to 69 centimeters (21 to 27 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; common very fine roots throughout; many very fine tubular pores; common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) non-cemented irregular masses of oxidized iron accumulation throughout with clear boundaries; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Btg3--69 to 89 centimeters (27 to 35 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to weak fine angular blocky; firm; common very fine roots throughout; many very fine tubular pores; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) non-cemented irregular masses of oxidized iron accumulation throughout with clear boundaries, common fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) non-cemented irregular clay depletions throughout with clear boundaries; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Btg4--89 to 119 centimeters (35 to 47 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots throughout; many very fine tubular pores; common faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) non-cemented irregular masses of oxidized iron accumulation throughout with clear boundaries, few fine prominent black (N 2.5/0) non-cemented irregular masses of manganese accumulation throughout with clear boundaries; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btg horizon is 50 to 127 centimeters or 20 to 50 inches thick).
2Btg5--119 to 145 centimeters (47 to 57 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many very fine tubular pores; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) non-cemented irregular masses of oxidized iron accumulation throughout with clear boundaries, few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) non-cemented irregular masses of oxidized iron accumulation throughout with clear boundaries, common fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) non-cemented irregular clay depletions throughout with clear boundaries; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
2Btg6--145 to 203 centimeters (57 to 80 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common very fine tubular pores; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) non-cemented irregular masses of oxidized iron accumulation throughout with clear boundaries, common fine faint light gray (10YR 7/1) non-cemented irregular clay depletions throughout with clear boundaries; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Ralls County, Missouri; 541 feet west and 2,011 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 29, T. 54 N., R. 6 W. of the 5th Principal Meridian; Perry NE, Missouri USGS quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees, 26 minutes 3 seconds N. and longitude 91 degrees, 35 minutes, 18 seconds W., NAD 83. UTM 621,485 meters easting, 4,365,905 meters northing, Zone 15, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to top of the argillic horizon: 30 to 41 centimeters (12 to 16 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 48 to 56 percent clay
Depth to lithologic discontinuity: 102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches)
Depth to till: greater than 203 centimeters (80 inches)
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: greater than 203 centimeters (80 inches)
Solum thickness: More than 203 centimeters (80 inches)
Depth to carbonates: greater than 203 centimeters (80 inches)
Ap horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3, moist; 4 or 5, dry
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam
Average clay content: 14 to 23 percent
Average sand content: 2 to 10 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Eg horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam
Average clay content: 15 to 25 percent
Average sand content: 2 to 15 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
BE horizon (where present)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Average clay content: 15 to 30 percent
Average sand content: 4 to 15 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
Upper Btg horizon (clay pan)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2 (chroma 3 if less than 50 percent of matrix)
Texture: silty clay or clay
Average clay content: 45 to 63 percent
Average sand content: 0 to 6 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid
Lower Btg horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam
Average clay content: 30 to 40 percent
Average sand content: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid
2Btg horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam
Average clay content: 30 to 40
Average sand content: 4 to 15
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Adco, Appanoose, Awbrig, Belinda, Chariton, Dayton, Glensted, Rubio and Wagner series. Adco soils are somewhat poorly drained and have dominant chroma of more than 2 in some part of the upper 50 centimeters (20 inches) of the argillic horizon. Appanoose soils do not have a strongly expressed abrupt clay increase between the A and B horizons, do not have a lithologic discontinuity within a depth of 152 centimeters (60 inches), and formed entirely in loess. Awbrig soils have a lithologic discontinuity at depths of less than 102 centimeters (40 inches), typically do not have albic horizons and formed in mixed alluvium. Belinda soils average less than 48 percent clay in the particle size control section, do not have a lithologic discontinuity within a depth of 152 centimeters (60 inches), and formed entirely in loess. Chariton soils have more than 15 percent sand in the lower part of the soil profile, which formed in alluvium. Dayton soils have a lithologic discontinuity at depths of less than 102 centimeters (40 inches), are in areas that have a mean annual precipitation range of 1,010 to 1,270 millimeters (40 to 50 inches), and formed in glaciolacustrine deposits. Glensted soils average less than 48 percent clay in the particle size control section, have a lithologic discontinuity at depths of less than 102 centimeters (40 inches), and formed in loess and residuum from cherty limestone and shale. Rubio soils average less than 48 percent clay in the particle size control section, are less than 203 centimeters (80 inches) to the base of the argillic horizon, and formed entirely in loess. Wagner soils average less than 48 percent clay in the particle size control section, are less than 200 centimeters (80 inches) to the base of the argillic horizon, and formed in alluvium or lacustrine sediments.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Putnam soils are on nearly level divides. These soils formed in 102 to 156 centimeters (40 to 61 inches) of loess and the underlying loamy sediments derived from pre-Illinoian till. Slopes are dominantly less than 1 percent and range to 3 percent. The mean annual temperature ranges from 10 to 13 degrees C (50 to 55 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation ranges from 889 to 1016 millimeters (35 to 40 inches).
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the poorly drained Mexico and Kilwinning soils on adjacent side slopes. These soils do not have an abrupt textural increase.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained. The potential for runoff is high to very high. Permeability is very slow. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) is 0.01 to 0.42 micrometers per second. In undisturbed areas a perched water table has an upper limit of 15 to 30 centimeters (0.5 to 1 foot) during November to May in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated to soybeans and corn. The native vegetation is tall prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Central Claypan Areas, MLRA 113, of northeastern Missouri. The series is of large extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Marion County, Missouri, 1910.
REMARKS: The type location was moved to Ralls County, which is more in the geographic center of the series distribution and a more representative pedon with laboratory data.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 36 centimeters (14 inches) (Ap and Eg horizons); albic horizon - the zone from approximately 20 to 36 centimeters (8 to 14 inches) (Eg horizon); argillic horizon - the zone from approximately 36 to 203 centimeters (14 inches to 80 inches) (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3, Btg4, 2Btg5 and 2Btg6 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data University of Missouri laboratory, Columbia, Missouri; Pedon ID M0517303 is data for the OSD typical pedon; Pedons ID MO500701, MO500702, MO512701, MO513901, MO517301, MO517302, MO520508, MO521902, MO611101, and MO611102, is additional data used for the series range in characteristics.