LOCATION DRAYKE                  VA+GA NC

Established Series
Rev. NAM-DDR
12/2022

DRAYKE SERIES

Soils of the Drayke series are very deep and well drained. They formed in colluvium. They are nearly level to steep soils on footslopes, fans, and high terraces. Mean annual temperature is about 53 degrees F and mean annual precipitation is about 40 inches. Slopes range from 0 to 35 percent.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Rhodudults

TYPICAL PEDON: Drayke loam - orchard (Colors are for moist soils.)

Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) loam; moderate very fine and fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots; 2 percent fine angular quartz gravel; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)

Btl--8 to 14 inches; dark red (10R 3/6) clay; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky and plastic; few fine roots; 5 percent gravel of granodiorite, greenstone and 2 percent angular quartz gravel; thin patchy clay films; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (6 to 16 inches thick).

Bt2--14 to 36 inches; dark red (10R 3/6) clay; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky and plastic; few fine roots; 2 percent gravel of granodiorite and greenstone; thin patchy clay films; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (10 to 30 inches thick)

Bt3--36 to 48 inches; dark red (10R 3/6) clay, many medium faint red (10R 4/6) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; thin patchy clay films; 15 percent gravel of granodiorite and greenstone; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (5 to 12 inches thick)

2C--48 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6), dark red (10R 3/6), and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) cobbly clay loam; 20 percent weathered yellowish brown and strong brown greenstone and granoditorite cobblestones and stones; 2 percent gravel of quartz; strongly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Madison County, Virginia; 3/4 mile northeast of VA-670 at Syria.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 30 to more than 60 inches. The depth to hard rock is more than 6 feet. Stone lines commonly coincide with the solum thickness, but can be at greater depths or absent. In the solum the gravel content is 0 to 30 percent and cobblestone and stone content is 0 to 35 percent but total rock fragment content is less than 35 percent. In the C horizon gravel content ranges from 15 to 30 percent and cobblestones and stones range from 20 to 60 percent. The soil is very strongly acid or strongly acid in the solum unless limed, and very strongly acid to moderately acid in the C horizon.

The Ap horizon has hue of 2.5YR through 7.5YR, value of 2 through 4, and chroma of 2 through 6. It is silt loam or loam and cobbly or very cobbly analogues where not eroded.

Some pedons have a BE horizon. It has the same color range as the A horizon and is loam or clay loam.

The Bt horizon has hue of 10R through 5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 4 through 8. Dry value is less than 5. The Bt horizon is commonly clay but includes clay loam, silty clay loam and silty clay.

The C horizon is cobbly and variegated in color.

COMPETING SERIES: The Cazadero and Rapidan series are the only other soils in the same family. Cazadero soils receive 60 to 80 inches of precipitation annually but average less than 1 inch per month during July and August. Rapidan soils formed in residuum and do not contain rounded fragments.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Drayke soils are gently sloping to steep on foot- slopes, colluvial fans, and high terrace positions near mountains or high hills. Slopes commonly are 6 to 20 percent but range from 0 to 35 percent. The soils developed in colluvial material from soils and rocks high in ferromagnesium minerals. The mean annual air temperature ranges from 50 to 59 degrees F; mean annual precipitation is 37 to 44 inches; and the frost-free precipitation is 37 to 44 inches; and the frost-free days range days range from 183 to 192.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Braddock, Catoctin, Clifton, Myersville, Porters, and Thurmont series. None of these soils are Rhodudults; they lack the dark red colors characteristics of the Drayke soils.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well-drained with medium runoff and moderate permeability.

USE AND VEGETATION: Cultivated areas are used for growing corn, small grains, hay, pasture, and orchards. Cobbly and stony phases are generally used for pasture and woodland. Natural vegetation consists of mixed hardwoods with some shortleaf pine and Virginia pine.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The series is of minor extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Fauquier County, Virginia; 1949.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: 1. Ochric epipedon-zone from 0 to 8 inches (Ap horizon)
2. Argillic horizon-zone from 8 to 48 inches (bt horizon)
3. Rhodic feature=dark red throughout

SIR=VA0014
MLRA=148
REVISED=6/18/96, MHC

OSD/SIR REPORT

SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation
VA0014 Drayke 0- 35 50- 59 183-192 37- 44 400-1000
VA0098 Drayke 0- 35 50- 59 183-192 37- 44 500-1200

SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness VA0014 NONE 6.0-6.0 - 60-60
VA0098 NONE 6.0-6.0 - 60-60

SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- VA0014 0- 8 SIL L 0- 5 75-100 10-27 -
VA0014 0- 8 CL SICL 0- 5 75-100 27-40 -
VA0014 8-48 C SIC CL 0- 15 75-100 35-70 -
VA0014 48-80 CB-CL CBV-CL 35- 70 55- 75 27-40 -
VA0098 0- 8 STV-SIL STV-L 5- 25 75-100 10-27 -
VA0098 0- 8 CB-SIL CB-L 25- 35 60- 85 10-27 -
VA0098 8-48 C SIC SICL 0- 15 75-100 35-70 -
VA0098 48-80 CB-CL CBV-CL 35- 70 55- 75 27-40 -

SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll
VA0014 0- 8 4.5- 5.5 .1-2. 0- 0 0.6- 6.0 LOW
VA0014 0- 8 4.5- 5.5 .1-1. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 MODERATE
VA0014 8-48 4.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 MODERATE
VA0014 48-80 4.5- 6.0 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 MODERATE
VA0098 0- 8 4.5- 5.5 .1-2. 0- 0 0.6- 6.0 LOW
VA0098 0- 8 4.5- 5.5 .1-2. 0- 0 0.6- 6.0 LOW
VA0098 8-48 4.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 MODERATE
VA0098 48-80 4.5- 6.0 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 MODERATE

Soil series name was renamed to Drayke as the former soil series name could be considered offensive.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.