LOCATION DRYDEN MI
Established Series
Rev. RWJ-EPW-NWS
11/2021
DRYDEN SERIES
The Dryden series is very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in sandy loam till on moraines and till plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 10 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 813 mm (32 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 8.9 degrees C (48 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Dryden sandy loam, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 cm (8 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; 1 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 inches) thick]
Bw--20 to 36 cm (8 to 14 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; 2 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [8 to 15 cm (3 to 6 inches) thick]
Bt1--36 to 61 cm (14 to 24 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few thin dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films; few fine roots; 2 percent rock fragments; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. [15 to 38 cm (6 to 15 inches) thick]
Bt2--61 to 76 cm (24 to 30 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few thin dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; few fine roots; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron; common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; 2 percent rock fragments; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. [13 to 41 cm (5 to 16 inches) thick]
C--76 to 152 cm (30 to 60 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam; massive; friable; common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron and faint brown (10YR 4/3) masses of manganese; common fine and medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Macomb County, Michigan; about 1 mile south and 1.5 miles west of Romeo; 220 feet east and 400 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 10, T. 4 N., R. 12 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Particle-size control section: averages less than 18 percent clay; but individual subhorizons may contain more than 18 percent clay
Mean annual soil temperature: 8.3 to 14.4 degrees C (47 to 58 degrees F)
A horizon, where present:
Thickness: 2.5 to 8 cm (1 to 3 inches)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: sandy loam or loam, or is silt loam in pedons that have a thin loess mantle
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: sandy loam or loam, or is silt loam in pedons that have a thin loess mantle
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
E horizon, where present:
Thickness: 2.5 to 15 cm (1 to 6 inches)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: sandy loam or loam, or is silt loam in pedons that have a thin loess mantle
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
Bw horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: sandy clay loam, loam, or sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sandy loam; pockets of loamy sand or sand are in some pedons
Rock fragment content: 2 to 14 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Elmdale and
Perrin series. Elmdale soils are deeper than 102 cm (40 inches) to carbonates. Perrin soils have dominant textures of sand in the fine earth fraction within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches).
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Dryden soils are on till plains and low moraines of Wisconsinan age. The dominant slope gradients are between 0 and 6 percent and the full range is from 0 to about 10 percent. The Dryden soils formed in sandy loam till. The climate is continental. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 750 to 925 mm (29 to 37 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 7.0 to 10 degrees C (45 to 50 degrees C). Mean summer temperature is about 21.1 degrees C (70 degrees F) near the type location.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The poorly drained
Barry soils, well drained
Lapeer soils, and somewhat poorly drained
Locke soils are closely associated in a drainage sequence. The well drained
Spinks soils are on nearby slightly higher elevations. The very poorly drained or poorly drained
Gilford and
Mussey soils and the somewhat poorly drained
Wasepi soils are in associated small drainageways in a few places.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. Potential for surface runoff is negligible to medium, depending upon slope gradient. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high. Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated. Corn, beans, small grain, and legume-grass hay are the principal crops. A smaller part is in permanent pasture or forest. Native vegetation is chiefly sugar maple, beech, oaks, and hickory.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 98 in southern Michigan. The series is of small extent.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Ionia County, Michigan, 1965.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 36 cm (14 inches) (Ap, Bw horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 36 to 76 cm (14 to 30 inches) (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features present in horizons below a depth of 61 cm (24 inches) (Bt2 and C horizons).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.