LOCATION DUNFORD UTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Pachic Argixerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Dunford cobbly loam--rangeland. (Colors are for air dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) cobbly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and few fine and medium roots; 15 percent gravel and 15 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary. (3 to 20 inches thick)
Bt1--10 to 21 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly clay loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and few fine interstitial pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; 25 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary. (0 to ll inches thick)
Bt2--21 to 36 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/2) moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine and few fine and medium interstitial pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; 25 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.6); gradual wavy boundary. (9 to 22 inches thick)
R--36 inches; fractured andesite bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Summit County, Utah; 5 miles northwest of Kamas along Indian Hollow, l,700 feet east and 2,500 feet south of the northwest corner, sec. l0, T. 2 S., R. 5 E.; Kamas USGS quad; approximate lat. 40 degrees 39 minutes 41 seconds N. and long. 111 degrees 22 minutes 13 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: The soil is usually moist, but is continuously dry in all parts of the moisture control section for 45 to 60 consecutive days following the summer solstice.
Mean annual soil temperature: 41 to 45 degrees F.
Thickness of mollic epipedon: 20 to 34 inches and extends into the Bt in some pedons.
Weathered andesite and conglomerate bedrock occurs at depths of 20 to 40 inches
Particle-size control section
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent
Rock fragment content: 15 to 35 percent
A horizon
Value: 3 to 5 dry and 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3.
Rock fragment content: 5 to 20 percent gravel, 0 to 20 percent cobbles, and 0 to 10 percent stones.
Bt horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or l0YR
Value: 3 to 6 dry and 2 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry and moist
Texture: gravelly clay loam or cobbly clay loam
Rock fragment content: 5 to 25 percent gravel and 5 to 20 percent cobbles
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Carey Lake, Hades, Hurryback, Krueger, Lagnaf, Mahogan, Marotz, Moffspring, Nagle, Sag, Strom and Tusk series. Carey Lake, Hades, Krueger, Lagnaf, Nagle, Strom, Sag, and Tusk are deeper than 40 inches to bedrock. Hurryback, Marotz, and Moffspring soils are very deep. Mahogan has less than 27 percent clay in the particle-size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Dunford soils are on mountain slopes at elevations of 5,800 to 8,000 feet. Slopes range from l5 to 60 percent. The soils formed in colluvium and residuum from andesite and conglomerate. The mean annual temperature: 40 to 45 degrees F., and the mean annual precipitation: 16 to 22 inches. The freeze free period is 60 to 90 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Ant Flat, Ayoub, Heiners, Melling, Horrocks, and Manila soils and the competing Bluejoint and Hades soils. Ant Flat soils have fine particle-size control sections and have a calcic horizon. Ayoub soils have a mollic epipedon less than 20 inches thick. Melling and Heiners soils have a lithic contact at depth less than 20 inches. Horrocks soils have loamy-skeletal control sections. Manila soils are very deep.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium to high runoff; moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for rangeland, wildlife habitat, recreation and summer homes. Native vegetation is mountain big sagebrush, bitterbrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, scattered Gambel oak, mountain brome, muttongrass, Oregon grape, serviceberry and snakeweed.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Mountains of North Central Utah. These soils are of small extent. MLRA 47.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Summit County, Utah, l986.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - from 0 to 21 inches (A, Bt1 horizons)
Argillic horizon - from 10 to 36 inches (Bt1, Bt2 horizons)
Classification: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eighth Edition, 1998.