LOCATION DORAN ND+MN SD VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, frigid Aquertic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Doran clay loam - on a level slope of less than 1 percent in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated. Where described, the soil was moist from 0 to 9 inches, dry from 9 to 20 inches and moist below 20 inches.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; cloddy parting to moderate fine and very fine granular structure; very hard, friable, sticky and plastic; many fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 9 inches thick)
Bt1--9 to 15 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; strong medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine and very fine angular blocky; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; many fine roots; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear irregular boundary.
2Bt2--15 to 20 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) dry; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine granular; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; common fine roots; about 2 percent pebbles; vertical streaks of black (10YR 2/1) and very dark brown (10YR 2/2); slight effervescence; slightly alkaline; clear irregular boundary. (Combined Bt horizons 6 to 15 inches thick)
2Bky--20 to 29 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; common fine distinct brown (10YR 4/3) redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine granular structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; few fine roots; about 1 percent pebbles and hard shale fragments; common medium masses of carbonates and gypsum crystals; violent effervescence; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
2BCy--29 to 41 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; many fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and plastic; few fine roots; about 3 percent hard shale fragments; few iron concretions; common gypsum crystals; slight effervescence; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
2C1--41 to 66 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; common medium distinct brown (10YR 4/3) redoximorphic concentrations in the matrix and many fine distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) stains on faces of peds; moderate fine angular blocky structure; very hard, firm, slightly sticky and plastic; about 6 percent pebbles: few iron concretions; few gypsum crystals; slight effervescence; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
2C2--66 to 80 inches: light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) clay loam, pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) dry; many medium prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and few fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations, and common coarse faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; massive; very hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; about 5 percent pebbles: few fine masses of iron-manganese; few gypsum crystals; slight effervescence; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Richland County, North Dakota; about 1/2 mile west and 4 miles south of Fairmount; 1,185 feet north and 265 feet east of the southwest corner, sec. 8, T. 129 N., R. 47 W. 45 degrees, 59 minutes, 47 seconds north latitude and 96 degrees, 37 minutes, 1 second west longitude; Boisberg USGS Topographic Quadrangle.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to carbonates typically is 15 to 20 inches and ranges from 12 to 24 inches. The thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 16 inches. The particle-size control section contains more than 15 percent fine sand and coarser sand. The depth to the underlying glacial till ranges from 15 to 40 inches. The underlying glacial till averages more than 20 percent fine sand and coarser sand and from 3 to 10 percent rock fragments. It is dominated by textures of loam and clay loam above depths of 40 inches, but may contain strata of other textures above this depth. Below depths of 40 inches textures include loam, clay loam, silt loam, silty clay loam and very fine sandy loam.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4 dry, and chroma of 1. It is clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay loam or loam. It is neutral.
The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, value of 2 to 4 and 4 to 6 dry, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is clay loam, clay, silty clay or silty clay loam averaging 35 to 50 percent clay and contains a few rock fragments. It is neutral or slightly alkaline. Some pedons contain faint or distinct redoximorphic features.
The Bk horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 6 and 5 to 7 dry, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. It contains 15 to 35 percent calcium carbonate equivalent.
The BC and C horizons have hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 6 and 4 to 7 dry, and chroma of 1 to 4. They contain about 30 to 40 percent clay and 3 to 10 percent rock fragments. They are slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. They do not have gypsum in some pedons. The BC horizon is clay loam and the C horizon is loam or clay loam.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Bygland series as previously classified. Bygland soils contains less than 15 percent fine sand and coarser sand in the particle-size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Doran soils are on level and nearly level lake plains and water modified till plains. The soils formed in thin lacustrine or water worked till sediments over firm glacial till. Slope gradients range from 0 to 3 percent. The climate is cool subhumid. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 36 to 45 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation from 19 to 23 inches. Most of the precipitation comes in the spring and summer.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Antler, Clearwater, Enloe, Fargo, Forman, Hegne, Kittson, Lankin and Tonka soils. Antler soils are on similar landscapes and do not have argillic horizons. Clearwater and Fargo soils are on nearby lake plains and are poorly drained. In addition, Fargo soils contain 45 to 60 percent clay and do not have coarse fragments. Enloe and Tonka soils are in shallow depressions on nearby lake plains. They are poorly drained and have distinct E horizons. Forman soils are on nearby till uplands and Kittson soils are on similar nearby landscapes to Doran soils. They are fine-loamy. In addition, Forman soils are well drained and do not have redox features within depths of 30 inches and Kittson soils do not have argillic horizons. Hegne soils are on nearby lake plains. They do not have Bt horizons and have calcic horizons within depths of 16 inches. Lankin soils are on nearby similar landscapes and have mollic epipedons more than 16 inches thick.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Runoff is slow. Permeability is slow. A seasonal high water table is at a depth of 3 to 5 feet at some time during the period of April through June.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are cropped to small grains, soybeans and corn. Native vegetation is green needlegrass, western wheatgrass, blue grama and a variety of forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern North Dakota, northeastern South Dakota, and northwestern Minnesota. The series is extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Richland County, North Dakota, 1970.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 15 inches (Ap and Bt1 horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from 9 to 20 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons); aquertic criteria - redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less within 1 meter (reduced matrix in 2Bky and 2BCy horizons) and LE of more than 6 cm in upper 1 meter.
ADDITIONAL DATA: SU-67NDak-39-3 and SU-67NDak-39-4 by North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station soils laboratory.