LOCATION BYGLAND MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, frigid Oxyaquic Vertic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Bygland silty clay loam with a 1 percent convex east facing slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.(6 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--7 to 15 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay; dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; common fine roots; many faint very dark brown (10YR 2/2) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--15 to 29 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay; common fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) Fe concentrations; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt horizons is 10 to 32 inches)
BC--29 to 37 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay; common fine faint light gray (10YR 7/2) Fe depletions and many fine distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) Fe concentrations; moderate thin platy structure; friable; few very fine roots; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
C1--37 to 47 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; common fine faint light gray (10YR 7/2) Fe depletions and many fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) Fe concentrations; moderate medium platy-like soil fragments (varving); firm; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 20 inches thick)
C2--47 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam; common fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) Fe depletions and many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Fe concentrations; moderate thick platy-like soil fragments (varving); firm; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Polk County, Minnesota. about 2 miles west and 2.5 miles north of Climax; 1100 feet east and 100 feet north of the southwest corner of Section 11 , T. 148 N., R. 49 W., USGS Eldred quadrangle, lat. 47 degrees 38 minutes 39 seconds N. and long. 96 degrees 52 minutes 25 seconds W., NAD27
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates ranges from 16 to 40 inches. The thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 16 inches and extends into the upper part of the Bt horizon in many pedons. Rock fragments are typically lacking throughout the profile. The particle size control section has less than 15 percent fine sand and coarser. The soil moisture control section is not dry in all parts for as long as 45 consecutive days for the 120 days following the summer solstice. It is also not dry in any part for as long as 90 cumulative days per year in 6 out of 10 years.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y or is neutral, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2. It is silty clay loam, silt loam or silty clay. The reaction is neutral or slightly acid.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is silty clay, clay, or silty clay loam averaging 35 to 60 percent clay. The reaction ranges from slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
The BC or Bk horizon when present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 5. It is silty clay loam, silt loam or silty clay. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is typically stratified or varved with textures of silty clay loam, silt loam or silty clay with thin lenses of loamy very fine sand or very fine sand between strata. The reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Doran and Mehurin series. Doran and Mehurin soils have more than 15 percent fine sand and coarser in the particle size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Bygland soils are on plane to convex slopes on glacial lake plains and ice walled lakes within moraines. Slopes range from 0 to 20 percent. The soils formed in silty lacustrine sediments over 80 inches thick. Mean annual temperature ranges from 38 to 43 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 18 to 30 inches. The frost free days range from 90 to 130 days. The elevation above sea level ranges from 900 to 1500 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Colvin, Lindaas, Overly and Perella soils. The poorly drained Colvin, Lindaas and Perella soils are in concave swales. The moderately well drained Overly soils are plane to convex areas that do not have argillic horizons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff is medium to high. Permeability is moderately slow. An apparent water table occurs in most years from 2.5 to 3.5 feet during the months April to June.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cropped to small grain, corn, hay and soybeans. Native vegetation is mixed hardwoods and prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwest Minnesota. Inextensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Becker County, Minnesota, 1994
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 15 inches (Ap and Bt1 horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from 7 to 29 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons); oxyaquic subgroup - based on low chroma mottles above a depth of 40 inches and more than 6 cm of linear extensibility in the upper 40 inches of the pedon; Udic moisture regime. A MAP>25 and a sandy substratum phase are also recognized.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Central File Code number 3949 for data on the typical pedon. Soil Interpretation Record number MN0575.