LOCATION ECHAW SC+FL GA NCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, siliceous, thermic Oxyaquic Alorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Echaw loamy sand--forested. (Colors are for moist soil.)
A--0 to 5 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (2 to 6 inches thick)
E1--5 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loamy sand; single grained; loose; many fine and medium roots; grains of sand coated; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
E2--21 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loamy sand; single grained; loose; few fine roots; grains of sand coated; common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
E3--27 to 40 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; few fine roots; grains of sand coated; many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the E horizon is 24 to 45 inches)
Bh--40 to 50 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; very friable; slightly brittle in darker portions; few fine and medium pores; grains of sand coated; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), and common fine distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2), and dark brown (10YR 3/3) bodies; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 45 inches thick)
Cg--50 to 65 inches; mottled light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and brown (7.5YR 5/2) loamy sand; single grained; loose; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Berkeley County, South Carolina; approximately ll.5 miles northeast of Moncks Corner; from Seaboard Coastline Railroad crossing of South Carolina Secondary Highway 402 at Cordesville, l.4 mile north on South Carolina Secondary Highway 402, 75 feet west of highway.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the top of the Spodic: 30 to 50 inches
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 60 inches
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: 30 to 42 inches, November to April
Soil Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid, except where limed
Other Features: clay plus silt in the control section ranges from l0 to 20 percent
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
A horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 0 to 3
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand, or sand
E horizon (upper part):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand, or sand
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron masses in shade of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray
Mottles (if they occur)--
Other features--
E horizon (lower part):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)-- loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand, or sand
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)-- few to many gray iron depletions, or it has chroma of 1 or 2 with masses of iron accumulation of higher chroma
Bh horizon:
Color-- hue of 5YR to 10YR or neutral, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4 in some pedons
Texture-- loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand, or sand
C or Cg horizon (if it occurs):
Color-- brownish or grayish hues
Texture-- loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand, or sand
COMPETING SERIES:
Hurricane soils-- have a spodic horizon at a depth of more than 50 inches
Mandarin soils-- have a Bh horizon within 30 inches of the surface
Melvina soils-have a spodic horizon at a depth of 12 to 30 inches and have an argillic horizon below the spodic
Ridgeland soils-- do not have an E horizon above the Bh horizon
Rigdon soils-- have an argillic horizon at a depth of 24 to 40 inches
These are the Hurricane, Mandarin, and Ridgeland series in the same family. Hurricane soils have a spodic horizon at a depth of more than 50 inches. Mandarin soils have a Bh horizon within 30 inches of the surface. Ridgeland soils do not have an E horizon above the Bh horizon. The Chipley, Leon, Rimini, Scranton, and Seewee series are similar soils in related families. Chipley and Scranton soils do not have a Bh horizon. Leon and Seewee soils have a Bh horizon at a depth of less than 30 inches, and in addition have a seasonal high water table above a depth of 2.5 feet. Rimini soils have uncoated grains of sand in the E horizon and depth to the Bh horizon ranges from 50 to 80 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Coastal plain
Landform: upland
Geomorphic Component: talfs
Parent Material: marine sediments
Elevation: 10 to 100 feet
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 59 to 70 degrees
Mean Annual Precipitation: 38 to 52 inches
Frost Free Period: 190 to 275 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Centenary soils-- have a spodic horizon at a depth of more than 50 inches and are better drained
Chipley soils-- do not have a Bh horizon
Hurricane soils-- have a spodic horizon at a depth of more than 50 inches
Leon soils-- have a Bh horizon at a depth of less than 30 inches, and in addition have a seasonal high water table above a depth of 2.5 feet
Mandarin soils-- have a Bh horizon within 30 inches of the surface
* soils--
Ridgeland soils-- do not have an E horizon above the Bh horizon
Rigdon soils-- have an argillic horizon at a depth of 24 to 40 inches
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage Class (Agricultural): moderately well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: moderately deep, common
Index Surface Runoff: negligible to very low
Permeability: moderately rapid to rapid
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: woodland
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated-- corn, soybeans, hay, and pasture grasses. Where wooded-- of longleaf, slash, and loblolly pine mixed with blackjack, turkey, and post oak.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: South Carolina, Georgia and North Carolina, and possibly Florida
Extent: moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Berkeley County, South Carolina; 1974.
REMARKS: In the spodic horizon the C+Fe+A1 ratio to clay is 0.22. The organic carbon content is 0.34. This data is by Beltsville Laboratory for one pedon. These soils were studied as series C in the Classification of Soils in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina of September 1968.
Decision made that this soil typically has saturation within 40 inches of the soil surface for a duration long enough to support the Oxyaquic subgroup. Reclassified accordingly in 2000.
Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 40 inches (A, E1, E2 and E3 horizons).
Albic horizon - the zone from 27 to 40 inches (E3 horizon).
Spodic horizon - the zone from 40 to 50 inches (Bh horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA:
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation
SC0033 ECHAW 0- 2 59- 70 190-275 38- 52 10- 100
SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness SC0033 NONE 2.5-3.5 APPARENT NOV-APR 60-60SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- SC0033 0- 5 LS LFS 0- 0 100-100 5-10 1- 3 SC0033 0- 5 S FS 0- 0 100-100 1- 8 1- 3 SC0033 5-40 LS FS S 0- 0 100-100 2-10 1- 2 SC0033 40-50 FS LS S 0- 0 100-100 2-10 2- 4 SC0033 50-65 LS FS S 0- 0 100-100 2-10 1- 2
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll SC0033 0- 5 4.5- 6.5 .5-1. 0- 0 2.0- 20 LOW SC0033 0- 5 4.5- 6.0 .5-1. 0- 0 2.0- 20 LOW SC0033 5-40 4.5- 6.0 0.-.5 0- 0 6.0- 20 LOW SC0033 40-50 4.5- 6.0 .5-2. 0- 0 2.0- 20 LOW SC0033 50-65 4.5- 6.0 0.-.5 0- 0 6.0- 20 LOW