LOCATION ELEVA WI+IA IL MI MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Eleva sandy loam, on an 8 percent slope, in a cornfield, at an elevation about 288 meters. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 13 centimeters; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 15 centimeters thick)
BE--13 to 30 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 20 centimeters thick)
Bt1--30 to 51 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--51 to 76 cm (20 to 30 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films, mostly near upper boundary, and clay bridging of sand grains; few fine roots; moderately acid; gradual irregular boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 30 to 58 centimeters.)
2C--76 to 91 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand; single grain; loose; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 25 centimeters thick)
2Cr--91 to 117 centimeters; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) weakly cemented sandstone.
2R--117 centimeters; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) medium grained strongly cemented sandstone bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 105-Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills; Trempealeau County, Wisconsin subset; about 1 1/2 miles southeast of Pleasantville; located about 900 feet north and 1,750 feet east of the southwest corner of section 30, T. 23 N., R. 7 W.; USGS Pleasantville topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 26 minutes 21 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 16 minutes 46 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to a paralithic or lithic contact with sandstone--50 to 102 centimeters
Content of clay in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--10 to 18 percent
Content of sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--40 to 70 percent, fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand
Ap or A horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--2 to 5, low value moist colors have value of 6 or more dry
Chroma--1 to 4
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, loamy sand or the cobbly or channery analogues of these textures
Clay content--3 to 15 percent
Sand content--25 to 80 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 35 percent, dominantly sandstone channers Reaction--extremely acid to neutral
E horizon (when present):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam or the cobbly or channery analogues of these textures
Clay content--5 to 20 percent
Sand content--25 to 65 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 35 percent, dominantly sandstone channers Reaction--extremely acid to slightly acid
BE horizon (when present):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam or the cobbly or channery analogues of these textures
Clay content--10 to 20 percent
Sand content--25 to 65 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 35 percent, dominantly sandstone channers Reaction--extremely acid to slightly acid
Bt horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam or the cobbly or channery analogues of these textures
Clay content--10 to 18 percent, some pedons have subhorizons with more than 18 percent
Sand content--40 to 70 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 35 percent, dominantly sandstone channers Reaction--extremely acid to slightly acid
BC horizon (when present):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 to 7
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand, sand or the cobbly, very cobbly, channery or very channery analogues of these textures
Clay content--1 to 15 percent
Sand content--55 to 90 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 40 percent, dominantly sandstone channers Reaction--extremely acid to slightly acid
2C horizon (when present):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 to 7
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--sand, fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand or the cobbly, very cobbly, channery or very channery analogues of these textures
Clay content--1 to 15 percent
Sand content--55 to 90 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 40 percent, dominantly sandstone channers Reaction--extremely acid to slightly acid
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Brownsburg,
Crumstown,
Hillsdale,
Mecan, and
Oshtemo series.
Brownsburg--have a lithic contact with red metamorphic shale and siltstone residuum at a depth of 102 centimeters and are in areas that have a mean annual precipitation range of 1,060 to 1,140 milimeters
Crumstown--do not have a paralithic or lithic contact within a depth of 200 centimeters
Hillsdale--do not have a paralithic or lithic contact within a depth of 200 centimeters
Mecan--do not have a paralithic or lithic contact within a depth of 150 centimeters
Oshtemo--do not have a paralithic or lithic contact within a depth of 200 centimeters
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--50 to 102 centimeters of loamy deposits over sandstone, St. Peter and Wonewoc formations
Landform--undulating to very steep slopes on uplands and on lake terraces
Slope--1 to 60 percent
Elevation--207 to 415 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 12 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--700 to 900 millimeters
Frost-free period--120 to 160 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Boone,
Elkmound,
Gale,
Hixton and
Northfield soils.
Boone--are in similar landscape positions on steeper slopes and are sandy throughout the series control section
Elkmound--are in similar landscape positions and do not have an argillic horizon
Gale--are in similar landscape positions near drainageways and have a clay content that averages more than 18 percent in the upper two thirds of the particle-size control section
Hixton--are in similar landscape positions and have a clay content that averages more than 18 percent in the upper two thirds of the particle-size control section
Northfield--are in similar landscape positions and have a lithic contact with sandstone within a depth of 50 centimeters
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained and somewhat excessively drained--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters in normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--4.23 to 42.34 micrometers per second (moderately high or high) in the loamy deposits and less than 10 to 100 micrometers per second (moderately high or high) in the sandstone
Surface runoff potential--low to high
USE AND VEGETATION:
More gently sloping areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and legume hays. The more steeply sloping areas are pastured or wooded. The native vegetation is mixed deciduous hardwoods with some conifers.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Eastern lake section, Western lake section, Wisconsin driftless section, Till plains and Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Central Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till (90),
Northeastern Wisconsin Drift Plain (95A),
Southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois Drift Plain (95B),
Southern Michigan and Northern Indiana Drift Plain (98),
Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104),
Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105),
Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108) and
Indiana and Ohio Till Plain (111)
LRR M and K; southwestern Wisconsin, northwestern Illinois, northeastern Iowa, southeastern Minnesota, and the southern part of lower Michigan
Extent--large
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, 1969.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 30 to 76 centimeters (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 117 centimeters (Ap, BE, Bt1, Bt2, 2C and 2Cr horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 30 centimeters (Ap and BE horizons);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 30 to 76 centimeters (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons);
paralithic contact--at a depth of 91 centimeters (2Cr horizon);
lithic contact--at a depth of 117 centimeters;
udic moisture regime.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, ninth edition, 2003.