LOCATION ENET SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Pachic Haplustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Enet loam - on plane slope of 1 percent in a cultivated field. When described the soil was moist to 6 inches then dry to 60 inches. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) crushing to very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; soft, very friable; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (5 to 12 inches thick)
Bw1--5 to 19 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) crushing to very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--19 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) crushing to dark brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined Bw horizon is 10 to 25 inches thick.)
2C1--24 to 32 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly loamy sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; single grain; loose; common coarse accumulations of carbonate and thick crusts on undersides of gravel; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
2C2--32 to 60 inches; multicolored gravelly sand; single grain; loose; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Davison County, South Dakota; about 5 miles east of Mitchell; 120 feet east and 1,840 feet south of the northwest corner, sec. 16, T. 102 N., R. 60 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to sand and gravel is about 24 inches and ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Thickness of the mollic epipedon and depth to carbonates commonly correspond to the depth of sand and gravel. The upper control section has 18 to 30 percent clay.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 1 or 2. It typically is loam, but some pedons are silt loam or fine sandy loam. It ranges from moderately acid to neutral.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 1 to 3. This horizon typically is loam, but some pedons are clay loam or sandy clay loam. It is neutral or slightly alkaline. The lower part up to 5 inches thick is sandy loam or fine sandy loam in most pedons.
Some pedons have a BC or Bk horizon.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7 and 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is gravelly loamy sand, gravelly sand, very gravelly loamy sand or very gravelly sand and contains 15 to 45 percent gravel by volume. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. The undersides of pebbles in the upper part of this horizon are coated with carbonate in most pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Dimo series in the same family. Dimo soils have mottles in the lower part of the solum and have a water table within depths of 40 inches during a part of the year.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils are nearly level to gently rolling on glacial outwash plains and flood plains. The soils on flood plains are subject to rare flooding. Typically, slope gradients are less than 4 percent but range from 0 to 9 percent. They formed in loamy alluvium and the underlying stratified sand and gravel from glacial outwash sediments. The mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 55 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 18 to 26 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Dimo soils and the Alwilda, Blendon, Delmont, Hand, and Henkin soils. Dimo soils are along drainageways. Alwilda, Blendon, Delmont, Hand, and Henkin soils are on similar landscapes. Alwilda soils have a sandy control section. Blendon and Henkin soils have a coarse-loamy control section and do not have sand and gravel between depths of 20 and 40 inches. Delmont soils have sand and gravel at depths of 10 to 20 inches. Hand soils do not have sand and gravel between depths of 20 and 40 inches and formed in glacial drift.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; runoff is neglible to medium depending on slope. Permeability is moderate in the solum and very rapid in the underlying sand and gravel.
USE AND VEGETATION: Small grain, alfalfa, corn, and feed grains are the main crops. Native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, western wheatgrass, green needlegrass, needleandthread, sideoats grama, blue grama, sedges, and forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Principally in east-central and southeastern South Dakota, east of the Missouri River. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Davison County, South Dakota, 1974.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of about of about 24 inches (Ap, Bw1, Bw2 horizons).