LOCATION FEWKES UTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Argixerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Fewkes gravelly loam on a north facing convex, 40 percent slope in rangeland at an elevation of 6,400 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.) When described on September 30, 1974, the soil was dry throughout.
A--0 to 12 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots, common fine and few medium roots; common very fine pores; 15 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary (10 to 20 inches thick).
Bt1--12 to 17 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and few fine roots; few very fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary (5 to 10 inches thick).
Bt2--17 to 22 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary(5 to 10 inches thick).
Btk1--22 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak and moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent gravel; very slightly effervescent; few carbonates as seams on faces of peds; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt wavy boundary (0 to 10 inches thick).
Btk2--28 to 40 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; carbonates are disseminated and in thin veins; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary (0 to 15 inches thick).
Bk1--40 to 50 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine pores; 10 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; carbonates are disseminated and veined on faces of peds; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary (8 to 20 inches thick).
Bk2--50 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly clay loam, very pale brown (10YR 8/2) dry; massive; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 15 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; carbonates are segregated and veined on faces of peds; strongly alkaline (pH 8.5).
TYPE LOCATION: Summit County, Utah; about 2 miles South of Wanship; located about 200 feet east and 350 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 29, T. 1 N., R. 5 E; Wanship, Utah USGS quad; lat. 40 degrees 47 minutes 04 seconds N. and long. 111 degrees 24 minutes 47 seconds W., NAD 1927
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture regime: Xeric; dry in all parts of the moisture control section for 45 to 60 consecutive days following the summer solstice.
Mean annual soil temperature: 42 to 47 degrees F.
Mean summer soil temperature: 58 to 65 degrees F.
Surface rock fragments: 20 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles
Depth to lithic contact: Greater than 60 inches
Depth to calcic horizon: 12 to 24 inches
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 12 to 24 inches
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches
Particle-size control section:
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent
A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3 moist or dry
Rock fragments: 5 to 25 percent
Reaction: Neutral or slightly alkaline
Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 moist, 5 or 6 dry
Chroma: 2 to 4 moist
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent
Reaction: Neutral or slightly alkaline
Bk horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7 moist, 6 to 8 dry
Chroma: 2 to 4 moist or dry
Texture: cl, l, grl or grcl
Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 40 percent
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Bess,
Border,
Chesnimnus,
Justesen,
McCarey,
Pegram,
Vicking, and
Vickton series.
Bess (UT): are dry 60 to 90 consecutive days following the summer solstice
Border (T ID): have 15 to 35 percent rock fragments in the particle-size control section.
Chesnimnus (T OR): have a very gravelly substratum at 35 to 55 inches and are dry 60 to 90 consecutive days following the summer solstice.
Justesen (ID): have a depth to carbonates of 24 to 44 inches and are dry for more than 60 consecutive days following the summer solstice.
McCarey (ID): have basalt bedrock at 20 to 40 inches.
Pegram (T ID): have a lithologic discontinuity at 30 to 40 inches with extremely gravelly textures.
Vickings (UT): are dry 60 to 90 consecutive days following the summer solstice
Vickton (ID): have bedrock at 40 to over 60 inches and have a Bt horizon that is less than 10 inches thick.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Fewkes soils.
Parent material: Slope alluvium, residuum, colluvium derived from sandstone, quartzite and shale.
Landform: Hills, fan remnants and mountain slopes.
Slopes: 2 to 60 percent
Elevation: 5,400 to 8,300 feet
Mean annual air temperature: 40 to 45 degrees F.
Mean annual precipitation: 16 to 22 inches.
Wettest months: March through May
Driest months: July through September
Frost-free period: 60 to 90 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Hades,
Heiners,
Lucky Star and
Yeates Hollow series.
Hades: Fine-loamy, Pachic soils under oak brush
Heiners: Shallow soils under Utah-Juniper and big sagebrush
Lucky Star: Loamy-skeletal soil under aspen
Yeates Hollow: Clayey-skeletal soil under big sagebrush
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, high to very high runoff, moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Use is rangeland. Native vegetation is Mountain big Sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, yellowbrush, bitterbrush and snowberry. In Utah, the Fewkes series is correlated with Mountain Loam (Mountain Big sagebrush) ecological sites.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North Central Utah. LRR E, MLRA 47. This series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Summit County, Utah, 2000. The name is from Fewkes Canyon in Summit County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Mollic epipedon: The zone from 0 to 12 inches. (A horizon)
Argillic horizon: The zone from 12 to 40 inches. (Bt1, Bt2, Btk1, and Btk2 horizons)
Calcic horizon: The zone from 22 to 60 inches. (Btk1, Btk2, Bk1, and Bk2 horizons)
Keys to Soil Taxonomy: Eighth Edition, 1998.
ADDITIONAL DATA: