LOCATION FREDERICKTOWN OHEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Ultic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Fredericktown silt loam, on a north facing, convex, 3 percent slope in a cultivated field at elevation of about 1,085 feet above msl. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap-- 0 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine and medium granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; common fine pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 12 inches thick.)
Bt1-- 12 to 20 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common fine pores; 10 percent brown (10YR 4/3) Ap material in worm and root channels; few faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2-- 20 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; few distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; 15 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt is 0 to 100 inches.)
2Bt3-- 25 to 31 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films bridging sand grains and coating rock fragments; 15 percent gravel; 5 percent paragravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt4-- 31 to 45 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) very gravelly coarse sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films bridging sand grains and coating rock fragments; 30 percent gravel; 5 percent paragravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt5-- 45 to 50 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) gravelly loamy coarse sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay films bridging sand grains and coating rock fragments; 25 percent gravel; 5 percent paragravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bt6-- 50 to 56 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) very gravelly loamy coarse sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay films bridging sand grains and coating rock fragments; 40 percent gravel; 5 percent paragravel; 10 percent small soft very dark gray (N 3/0) fragments of coal; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt7-- 56 to 62 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly loamy coarse sand; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay films bridging sand grains and coating rock fragments; 30 percent gravel; 15 percent small soft very dark gray (N 3/0) fragments of coal; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt8-- 62 to 68 inches; variegated yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), 60 percent, and brown (7.5YR 4/4), 40 percent, gravelly loamy coarse sand; few fine distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) and prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) irregular mottles in the matrix; weak medium platy structure; friable; few fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay films bridging sand grains and coating rock fragments; 20 percent gravel; 15 percent small soft very dark gray (N 3/0) fragments of coal; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt9-- 68 to 74 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) gravelly loamy coarse sand; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay films bridging sand grains; 15 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 0 to 100 inches.)
2BC-- 74 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) very gravelly coarse sandy loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films bridging sand grains and coating rock fragments; 40 percent gravel; strongly acid. (0 to 10 inches.)
TYPE LOCATION: Columbiana County, Ohio; West Township, about 0.75 miles west of Bayard, about 2016 feet east and 2447 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 30, T. 16 N., R. 5 W.; USGS Homeworth, Ohio topographic quadrangle; Latitude 40 degrees, 45 minutes, 00.0 seconds N. and Longitude 81 degrees, 04 minutes, 47.0 seconds W., NAD 1983.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon is 60 to 100 inches or more. Gravel ranges from 2 to 30 percent in the particle size control section.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is loam or silt loam in the fine earth fraction. It has weak or moderate, fine or medium, granular structure. Consistence is very friable or friable. The content of rock fragments ranges from 0 to 30 percent. It is strongly acid or very strongly acid in unlimed areas and ranges to neutral in limed areas.
Some pedons have a BA or BE horizon.
The Bt or 2Bt horizons have hue of 10YR, 7.5YR and some subhorizons of 5YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is silt loam, loam, clay loam, coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy sand or loamy coarse sand in the fine earth fraction. It has weak or moderate, fine or medium, subangular blocky or platy structure. Consistence is friable or firm. The content of rock fragments ranges from 2 to 30 percent in the upper part and 5 to 50 percent in the lower part. The content of pararock fragments ranges from 0 to 10 percent. It is very strongly acid to slightly acid in the upper part and very strongly acid to moderately acid in the lower part.
The BC or 2BC horizons have hue of 10YR, 7.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is loam, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or less commonly loamy sand in the fine earth fraction. It has weak, fine or medium, subangular blocky structure. Consistence is very friable or friable. The content of rock fragments ranges from 5 to 50 percent. It is strongly acid to slightly acid.
The C or 2C horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value 4 or 5, chroma of 3 to 6. It is stratified and is loamy sand or sand in the fine earth fraction. Consistence is loose or very friable. The content of rock fragments ranges from 15 to 60 percent. It is slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Brecknock, Caribel, Neshaminy, Penn, and Weedmark series. Brecknock, Penn, and Weedmark soils have a lithic contact before 60 inches. Caribel soils have lower mean annual precipitation. Neshaminy soils have thinner sola.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Fredericktown soils formed in early Wisconsinan or Illinoian age stratified outwash deposits, mainly of sandstone and shale with a large amount of igneous gravel with or without a thin loess mantle and are on treads and risers on stream terraces and kame terraces. Slope ranges from 2 to 25 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from about 35 to 40 inches, and mean annual temperature ranges from 50 to 53 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Berks, Chili, Gilpin, and Kensington (T) soils. The moderately deep Berks and Gilpin soils and are on upland interfluves, head slopes, side slopes and nose slopes. Chili soils are on lower terrace positions. The deep moderately well drained Kensington (T) soils are on interfluves, side slopes, nose slopes and head slopes on till plains.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is medium to negligible. Permeability is moderate in the surface, moderately rapid or rapid in the subsoil and rapid in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used to grow corn, oats, soybeans, wheat, and mixed hay. Some areas are pastured. Natural vegetation is mixed hardwood forest composed primarily of sugar maple, oak and hickory.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 139. Northeastern Ohio and possibly northwestern Pennsylvania. The soils are of small extent, about 2000 acres.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Columbiana County, Ohio, 2005.
REMARKS: Some areas were previously correlated Negley in the Columbiana County Soil Survey, published in 1968.
Diagnostic features in this pedon include:
1. Ochric epipedon - from the surface to a depth of 12 inches (Ap)
2. Argillic horizon - from a depth of 12 to 74 inches (Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3, 2Bt4, 2Bt5, 2Bt6, 2Bt7, 2Bt8, 2Bt9).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to pedon CO-147 for characterization data on the typical pedon, sample numbers 26791-26803, from Columbiana County, Ohio; samples analyzed by the Ohio State University Soil Characterization Laboratory, Columbus, Ohio.