LOCATION GILPIN                  PA+GA IN KY MD NY OH TN VA WV

Established Series
SLH/Rev. MDJ
10/2014

GILPIN SERIES

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludults

TYPICAL PEDON: Gilpin channery silt loam on a 3 percent northwest facing slope in cropland. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated.)

Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) channery silt loam; weak fine granular structure; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 20 percent rock fragments of subangular siltstone and shale; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches thick)

Bt1--20 to 33 cm (8 to 13 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) channery silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few distinct clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 25 percent rock fragments of subangular siltstone and shale; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2--33 to 61 cm (13 to 24 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) channery silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; few distinct clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 30 percent rock fragments of subangular siltstone and shale; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 30 to 66 cm thick (12 to 26 inches.)

C--61 to 79 cm (24 to 30 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) extremely channery loam; massive; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few faint clay films and common prominent black coatings on fragments; 60 percent rock fragments of subangular siltstone and shale; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 inches thick)

R--79 cm (30 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) fractured, thin bedded, shale and siltstone with silt and clay coatings in fractures; strongly acid.

TYPE LOCATION:
County: Indiana
State: Pennsylvania
USGS Quadrangle: Marion Center
Latitude (Decimal Degrees, NAD 83): 40.8550642
Longitude (Decimal Degrees, NAD 83): -79.018367
Directions to the pedon: In North Mahoning Township about mile southeast of Marchand, on a hilltop 500 feet east of Township Road 660.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the top of the Argillic: 13 to 38 cm (5 to 15 inches)
Depth to the base of the Argillic: 53 to 94 cm (21 to 37 inches)
Solum Thickness: 45 to 91 cm (18 to 36 inches)
Depth to Bedrock: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth Class: Moderately deep
Rock Fragment content: 5 to 40 percent, by volume, in the solum and 30 to 90 percent, by volume, in the C horizon. The rock fragment content is less than 35 percent, by volume, in the upper 20 inches of the argillic horizon. Rock fragments are mostly angular to subangular channers of shale, siltstone, and sandstone.
Soil Reaction: Extremely acid through strongly acid throughout, except where limed

Range of Individual Horizons:
Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 through 5, and chroma of 2 through 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam or loam

A horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 through 4, and chroma of 1 through 3
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam or loam

E, BE, or BA horizons (if they occur):
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 3 through 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam or loam

Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 4 through 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam, loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam
Clay films--occur on ped faces, pores, and on rock fragments and are few or common and faint or distinct.

BC horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 through 6, and chroma of 2 through 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam, loam, or silty clay loam

C horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 through 6, and chroma of 2 through 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam, loam, or silty clay loam

Some pedons have a Cr horizon.

The R horizon is horizontal interbedded shale, siltstone, or fine grained sandstone.

COMPETING SERIES:
Arcola soils--are weathered from Triassic and Jurassic bedrock
Bedington soils--are very deep to bedrock
Bucks soils--are deep to bedrock with a silt mantle
Collington soils--are very deep to bedrock
Edgemont soils--are deep and very deep to quartzitic bedrock
Edneytown soils--are very deep to igneous and high-grade metamorphic bedrock
Freehold soils--are very deep and form in marine sediments containing glauconite
Gladstone soils--are very deep to residual and colluvial granitic gneiss bedrock
Joanna soils--are very deep to Triassic bedrock
Leedsville soils--are very deep to Triassic and Jurassic bedrock
Millstone soils--are very deep and form in loamy alluvium
Penargyl soils--are very deep and form in till over shale residuum bedrock
Pennval soils--are very deep and form in colluvium
Pigeonroost soils--form from igneous and high-grade metamorphic bedrock
Pineville soils--are very deep and form in colluvium
Quakertown soils--are deep to bedrock
Rayne soils--are deep and very deep to bedrock
Shelocta soils--are deep and very deep and form in colluvium or colluvium and residuum
Syenite soils--form from residual granite bedrock
Wist soils--are very deep to bedrock and form from glauconite bearing fluviomarine deposits

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
MLRA(s) using this series: 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 130, 147
Landscape: Upland
Landform: Ridge, hill, and hillslope
Geomorphic Component: Interfluve, head slope, nose slope, or side slope
Hillslope Profile Position: Summit, shoulder, or backslope
Parent Material Origin: Nearly horizontal, interbedded gray and brown acid siltstone, shale, and sandstone
Parent Material Kind: Residuum
Slope: 0 to 70 percent
Elevation: 91 to 1097 meters (300 to 3600 feet)
Frost-free period: 120 to 180 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 7 to 14 degrees C. (46 to 57 degrees F.)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 914 to 1270 millimeters (36 to 50 inches)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Beech soils--occur on footslopes and are moderately well drained
Berks soils--occur on similar landscapes, do not have an argillic horizon, and have more coarse fragments in the solum and substratum
Cavode soils--occur on similar landscapes and are somewhat poorly drained
Clarksburg soils--occur on footslopes and are moderately well drained
Dekalb soils--occur on similar landscapes, have sandier textures, and have more coarse fragments in the solum and substratum
Ernest soils--occur on footslopes and are moderately well or somewhat poorly drained
Muskingum soils--occur on similar landscapes, do not have an argillic horizon, and are deep to bedrock
Rayne soils--occur on similar landscapes and are deeper than 102 cm to bedrock
Shelocta soils--occur on similar landscapes and are deeper than 102 cm to bedrock
Upshur soils--occur on similar landscapes, have finer textures in the solum and substratum, and are deep and very deep to bedrock
Vandalia soils--occur on footslopes, have finer textures in the solum and substratum, and are very deep to bedrock
Wellston soils--occur on similar landscapes and are deep and very deep to bedrock
Westmoreland soils--occur on similar landscapes and are deep and very deep to bedrock
Wharton soils--occur on similar landscapes, are moderately well drained, and are deep and very deep to bedrock

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Index Surface Runoff: Negligible through high
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Class: High
Permeability Class (obsolete): Moderate
Shrink-Swell Class: Low
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None

USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Hayland, pasture, cropland, and woodland
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--Grass-legume hay, corn, soybeans, wheat, or oats. Where wooded--Oaks, maple, hickory, and yellow-poplar.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Pennsylvania, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, New York, Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia
Extent: Large, over 6 million acres, at the time of this revision

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Indiana County, Pennsylvania, 1931.

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 20 cm (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 20 to 61 cm (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
Lithic contact--the zone starting at 79 cm (R horizon)
Series control section--the zone from 0 to 79 cm

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Characterization sample 61PA063056 is from the Type Location, and was used as the basis for placing this series in the active CEC class.
Characterization data is available from the Pennsylvania State Soil Characterization Laboratory for the following pedons: 75PA003001, 61PA063054, 65PA003008, S1965PA063180
Characterization data is available from The Ohio State Soil Characterization Laboratory for the following pedons: KX-043, PR-004, PR-005, ho-011, cs-019, cs-020, cs-024, mn-w15, mn-w20, at-W03, lw-s01, ws-023, ws-w08, ws-w10, ws-w34, ws-w35, As-007, Sk-025, bt-w02, AS-7, CA-W20, CA-W21, CS-W9, CS-W10, CS-W11, BT-S2, BT-W2, JF-16, MS-W1, MS-W2, MS-S4, TU-1, MN-8, MN-10, MN-26, MN-W3, MN-W9, MN-W43, SK-25, PR-4, PR-5, WS-W34, WS-W35

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.