LOCATION FREWSBURG NYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Aeric Endoaquults
TYPICAL PEDON: Frewsburg silt loam, on a 4 percent slope in an idle field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; very friable; many medium and fine roots; 10 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
BE1--7 to 13 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and few medium roots; many fine vesicular and few fine and few medium tubular pores; common fine faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few fine faint light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) masses of iron accumulations within the matrix; 10 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
BE2--13 to 17 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) channery silt loam; strong fine and medium angular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common fine and medium vesicular and tubular pores with silt coatings on surfaces along pores; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) on all faces of peds; common medium faint yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulations within the matrix [mottles]; 15 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the BE horizon is 4 to 12 inches.)
Bt--17 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) channery clay loam; moderate very coarse prismatic structure, parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots along prism faces; common fine vesicular and few fine tubular pores; thin clay linings on surfaces along all tubular pores and common distinct clay films on all faces of peds; light gray (5Y 7/1) on all faces of peds; many fine and medium faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulations and common fine distinct light olive gray (5Y 6/2) masses of iron depletions within the matrix; 15 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (6 to 19 inches thick)
BC--25 to 38 inches; olive (5Y 5/3) channery silty clay loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine pores; few faint clay films; olive gray (5Y 5/2) on all faces of peds; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulations and common fine distinct gray (10YR 6/1) masses of iron depletions within the matrix; 15 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 13 inches thick)
R--38 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) siltstone.
TYPE LOCATION: Chautauqua County, New York; Town of Carroll, 20 feet northwest of junction of Oak Hill Road and County Rt. 336. Ivory, New York Topographic Quadrangle; Latitude 42 degrees 02 minutes 13 seconds N. and Longitude 79 degrees, 04 minutes 00 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness and depth to bedrock range from 20 to 40 inches. Rock fragments, mainly channers and flagstones, range from 5 to 35 percent by volume in the solum, and from 15 to 70 percent in the substratum, if it is present. Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the soil.
The Ap horizon has a hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4 and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture is silt loam or loam in the fine-earth fraction. Some pedons have a thin, dark, A horizon from 1 to 4 inches thick.
The BE horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is silt loam or loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is fine or medium angular or subangular blocky. Consistence is friable or firm.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 8. Texture is silt loam, loam, silty clay loam or clay loam in the fine-earth fraction. Structure is angular or subangular blocky or prismatic. Consistence is friable or firm.
The BC horizon has color and texture similar to the Bt horizon.
A C horizon is present in some pedons, and is similar to the BC horizon in fine earth texture and color. It is massive or has plate like rock controlled structure.
The R horizon is horizontal bedded shale, siltstone or fine-grained sandstone. It can be interbedded.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.
The Blairton, Cavode, Kanona, Hornell and Dolph soils are similar but in related families. The Blairton series is the mesic equivalent of Frewsburg. Cavode, Kanona and Hornell soils have a fine particle-size control section. Dolph soils formed in loess underlain with clayey residuum.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Frewsburg soils are on upland divides, broad ridge tops, footslopes, and moderately low benches. Slopes are dominantly between 2 and 8 percent but range from 0 to 25 percent. The Frewsburg soils formed in residuum derived from interbedded shale, siltstone and fine grained sandstone. Mean annual temperature ranges from 40 to 45 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 45 inches, and the growing season ranges from 90 to 120 days. These soils are mostly at elevations of 1,900 to 2,400 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Frewsburg soils are the somewhat poorly drained member of a drainage sequence that includes the well drained Carrollton series. The Brinkerton, Ernest, Rayne, Wharton, Valois, Chautauqua, Schuyler, Kinzua and Onoville soils are on associated landscapes. Brinkerton and Ernest soils have fragipans and are in a mesic temperature regime; Rayne, Wharton, Kinzua and Onoville soils are deeper than 40 inches to bedrock; Valois, Chautauqua and Schuyler soils formed in glacial till at lower elevations in mesic regions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is medium to high. Permeability is moderate in the surface layer and moderate to moderately slow in the in the subsoil and substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most open areas are used to grow corn, hay and small grain crops in support of dairy farms. Forested areas have native mixed hardwoods of red and white oak, sugar maple, beech, hemlock and white pine. Many areas that were formerly cleared for crop production are now idle and reverting to brush and trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Unglaciated areas of the Appalachian plateau in southwestern New York and at elevations above 1900 feet. MLRA 127. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Chautauqua County, New York, 1988.
REMARKS: Reclassified to Endoaquults with 8th Edition Keys to Taxonomy.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
a. Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 17 inches (Ap and BE horizons).
b. Aquic moisture regime - evidenced by low chroma ped faces and redoximorphic features in the BE horizon.
c. Aeric subgroup - evidenced by 40 percent or more high chroma matrix in the BE horizon.
d. Argillic horizon - the zone from 17 to 25 inches (Bt horizon).
e. Lithic contact - bedrock at 38 inches.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data for the typical pedon is available from the Cornell Soil Survey Laboratory, pedon number S83NY013-13.