LOCATION FREYA WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy over clayey, mixed over smectitic, frigid Aquic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Freya loamy fine sand, on an east-facing slope of 2 percent, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 970 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap-- 0 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy fine sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many very fine, fine and common medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (10 to 14 inches thick)
Bw1--11 to 26 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--26 to 32 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; many coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and common medium distinct pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) iron depletions; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon ranges from 5 to 30 inches.)
Bt--32 to 47 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; few faint brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay bridging between sand grains; few fine rounded prominent black (N 2.5/) soft masses iron-manganese oxides throughout; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and few fine distinct brown (7.5YR 5/2) iron depletions; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to 18 inches thick)
2Btg1--47 to 58 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; common fine roots; common fine tubular pores; common faint gray (5Y 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; many coarse prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/3) masses of iron accumulation and few fine prominent gray (7.5YR 5/1) iron depletions; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
2Btg2--58 to 66 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine angular blocky; firm; common distinct olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) and common fine distinct gray (5Y 5/1) iron depletions; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Btg horizon ranges from 19to 40 inches.)
2Btkg--66 to 72 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine angular blocky; firm; common distinct gray (5Y 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent rounded gray (2.5Y 5/1) soft masses of calcium carbonate throughout; many coarse prominent dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) and many coarse distinct gray (5Y 5/1) iron depletions; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (0 to more than 40 inches thick)
2Cg--72 to 80 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) clay; massive; firm; 1 to 5mm strata of dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay and 1mm strata of gray (2.5Y 5/1) calcium carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Burnett County, Wisconsin; about 7 miles east of Grantsburg; 1800 feet north and 125 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 1, T. 38 N., R. 18 W.; USGS Falun topographic quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 48 minutes 22 seconds N. and long. 92 degrees 31 minutes 40 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 60 to 100 inches. Thickness of the sandy mantle and depth to clay ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Volume of gravel is less than 1 percent throughout the pedon, except for the Bt horizons, which range from 0 to 5 percent gravel. Depth to free carbonates range from 50 to 70 inches. Reaction naturally ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid in the surface and subsurface layer but ranges to neutral where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral in the sandy subsoil and ranges from moderately acid to moderately alkaline in the upper part of the clayey subsoil and is moderately alkaline in the lower part of the clayey subsoil and in the substratum. Redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less and aquic conditions are within 30 inches of the soil surface.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 and chroma of 2 or 3. It is loamy fine sand.
The Bw horizons has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is loamy fine sand or fine sand.
The Bt horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. The upper boundary of this horizon is within 40 inches of the soil surface. It is loamy fine sand or fine sand.
Some pedons have a Bw' directly below the Bt horizon with color and texture like the Bw horizon described above.
The 2Btg or 2Bt horizons have hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y and value of 4 or 5. Chroma is 1 or 2 in the 2Btg and 3 to 6 in the 2Bt. The 2Btg or 2Bt horizons have a texture of clay.
The 2Btkg or 2Btk horizon has color and texture like the 2Btg and 2Bt horizons described above.
The 2Cg or 2C horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y and value of 4 or 5. Chroma is 1 or 2 in the 2Cg and 3 to 6 in the 2C. The 2Cg or 2C horizon is clay or silty clay.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: sandy lacustrine deposits over clayey lacustrine deposits
Landform: lake plains
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Elevation: 920 to 980 feet
Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees F
Mean annual precipitation: 28 to 33 inches
Frost-free period: 110 to 130 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Smestad, Hegge, Lara, and Wildwood series. Smestad soils occupy similar landscape positions nearby where the clay is within 40 inches. The poorly drained Hegge soils occupy slightly lower landscape positions and lack the sandy mantle. The moderately well drained Lara soils occupy slightly higher landscape positions. The very poorly drained Wildwood soils are on lower positions in the landscape where the sandy mantle is absent.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Runoff is low. Permeability is rapid in the sandy mantle and extremely slow or very slow in the clayey deposits. These soils have a perched seasonal high water table at a depth of 1 to 2.5 feet for some time in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of this soil is used for cropland. Common crops are hay, small grain, and corn. Native vegetation is hardwood forest with scattered conifers. Common trees are red maple, bur oak, green ash, quaking aspen, eastern white pine, red pine and white spruce.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Wisconsin. This soil is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-4 (Duluth, Minnesota).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Burnett County, Wisconsin, 2003. Source of the name is a cemetery near type location.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this soil are:
Mollic epipedon--the zone from 0 to 11 inches (Ap horizon);
Argillic horizon--the zone from 32 to 72 inches (Bt, 2Btg1, 2Btg2, and 2Btkg horizons);
Aquic feature--redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less and aquic conditions within 30 inches of the surface.
Only series status, responsibility, and scrivener's errors changed - 3/09.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation record - WI0655. Refer to soil sample number S90WI-013-002 for NSSL reference sample on a Freya pedon within the series range.