LOCATION SMESTAD WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy over clayey, mixed over smectitic, superactive, frigid Aquic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Smestad loamy fine sand, on a west facing slope of 1 percent, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 942 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy fine sand, brown (10YR 4/3) dry; weak coarse granular structure; friable; many fine roots throughout; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (10 to 12 inches thick)
Bw1--10 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium platy structure and weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots throughout; common prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) and many coarse prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bw2--16 to 32 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy fine sand, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak coarse platy structure and weak very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots throughout; few medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) and many coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 5 to 30 inches.)
2Bt--32 to 37 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) fine sandy loam; weak medium platy structure and weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots throughout; few medium plate like clay bodies; common fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; common medium prominent dark gray (5Y 4/1) iron depletions and common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 20 inches thick)
3Btg1--37 to 48 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay; strong medium prismatic structure and strong very fine angular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots throughout; few faint gray (5Y 5/1) clay films on vertical faces of peds; common fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and common coarse prominent reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) mottles; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
3Btg2--48 to 57 inches; 70 percent olive gray (5Y 5/2) and 20 percent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) and 10 percent dark gray (N 4/) clay; strong fine platy structure and strong very fine angular blocky structure; firm; very few faint gray (5Y 5/1) clay films on vertical faces of peds; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 3Btg horizon is 10 to 40 inches.)
3Bkg--57 to 80 inches; 70 percent olive gray (5Y 5/2) and 20 percent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) and 10 percent dark gray (N 4/) clay; strong fine platy structure and strong very fine angular blocky structure; firm; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few fine white 2.5Y 8/1 rounded carbonate nodules; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Burnett County, Wisconsin; about 7 miles northeast of Grantsburg; 1200 feet east and 375 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 11, T. 38 N., R. 18 W.; USGS Falun Wis. topographic quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 48 minutes 1 second N. and long. 92 degrees 33 minutes 52 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the sandy mantle ranges from 15 to 35 inches. Depth to clay ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Depth to carbonates ranges from 40 to 80 inches. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 1 percent throughout except for the Bt horizon which ranges from 0 to 5 percent. Aquic conditions occur within 16 inches of the soil surface in horizons that also have redox features. Otherwise, aquic conditions occur within 30 inches of the soil surface in one or more horizons with a total thickness of 6 inches or more with moist value of 4 or more and redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less, or with hue of 10YR or redder and chroma of 2 or less.
The Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. Some pedons have an A horizon 1 to 4 inches thick, with hue of7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 to 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid. Texture is loamy fine sand.
The Bw horizons have hue of 7.5 YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is loamy fine sand or fine sand. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is fine sandy loam or sandy loam. Some pedons have subhorizons with loamy fine sand textures. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to neutral.
The 3Btg horizons have hue of 7.5YR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 0 to 2. Texture is clay or silty clay. The weighted average clay content is 50 to 80 percent. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral.
Some pedons have a 3Bt horizon that has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is clay or silty clay. Reaction is strongly acid to neutral.
Some pedons have a 3Btk horizon that has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is clay or silty clay. Reaction is moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
The 3Bkg horizon or 3Btkg horizon has color and texture the same as the 3Btg horizon. Reaction is moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: sandy, loamy and clayey lacustrine deposits
Landform: lake plains
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Elevation: 920 to 980 feet
Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 43 degrees F
Mean annual precipitation: 28 to 32 inches
Frost-free period: 110 to 130 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Freya, Lara, and Wildwood soils. The somewhat poorly drained Freya soils occupy similar landscape positions, but have a thicker sandy mantle. The moderately well drained Lara soils occupy slightly higher landscape positions and have a thicker sandy mantle. The very poorly drained Wildwood soils are in depressions and drainageways and do not have the sandy mantle.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible or very low. Permeability is rapid in the sandy mantle, moderate in the loamy layer, and extremely slow or very slow in the clayey deposits. These soils have a perched seasonal water table at a depth of 1 to 2.5 feet for some time in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are used for cropland. Common crops are hay, small grain, and corn. Native vegetation is hardwood forest with scattered conifers. Common trees are red maple, bur oak, green ash, quaking aspen, eastern white pine, and red pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Wisconsin. LRR K, MLRA 91B. This soil is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-4 (Duluth, Minnesota).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Burnett County, Wisconsin, 2003. Source of the name is Smestad Road in Burnett County.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this soil are:
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 10 inches (Ap);
Argillic horizon: 21 to 85 inches (2Bt, 3Btg1 and 3Btg2);
Aquic feature: Redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less and saturation within 30 inches of the surface.
Only series status, responsibility, and scrivener's errors changed - 4/09.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to soil survey sample number 88WI013007 for NSSL data on the typical pedon.