LOCATION FARLAND ND+MT SD
Established Series
Rev. CJH
01/2023
FARLAND SERIES
The Farland series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in stratified alluvium on terraces, valley foot slopes and fans on uplands. Permeability is moderate or moderately slow. Slope ranges from 0 to 20 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 14 inches, and mean annual temperature is about 42 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Farland silt loam on an east-facing 1 percent slope in native grassland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. When described, the soil was moist to 13 inches and dry below.)
A--0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium and fine prismatic and fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; slightly hard, friable; many roots; many fine pores; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. (3 to 12 inches thick)
Bt1--4 to 11 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium and fine prismatic structure parting to strong medium and fine angular blocky; hard, friable; many roots; common fine pores; faint clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--11 to 18 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; moderate medium and fine prismatic structure parting to strong medium and fine subangular blocky; hard, friable; common roots; common fine pores; faint patchy clay films; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined Bt horizons 6 to 22 inches thick)
Bk1--18 to 25 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) silt loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic and moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few roots; common fine pores; strong effervescence; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Bk2--25 to 34 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; weak coarse prismatic and moderate coarse and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; few fine pores; violent effervescence; common coarse masses of carbonates; moderately alkaline; gradual boundary. (Combined Bk horizons 7 to 35 inches thick)
C--34 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) stratified silt loam, loam and silty clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; weak coarse to fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak thin platy; friable; few roots; few fine pores; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Stark County, North Dakota; about 10 miles east of Richardton; 1,490 feet north and 1,200 feet west of southeast corner, sec. 1, T. 139 N., R. 91 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to carbonates ranges from 8 to 30 inches. Depth to contrasting material in the substratum is more than 40 inches. Thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 16 inches.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is loam, silt loam or clay loam. It is slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6 and 3 or 4 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is silty clay loam or clay loam having a clay content which averages between 27 and 35 percent. It is neutral or slightly alkaline. Structure ranges from moderate to strong prismatic which parts to strong or moderate angular or subangular blocks. Peds have faint continuous or patchy clay films. Some pedons have a Btk horizon.
The Bk horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 5 to 7 and 3 to 5 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam, silt loam or silty clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Carbonates are disseminated and in masses. Some pedons have a BCk horizon.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 or 6 and 4 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It typically is loam, silt loam or silty clay loam alluvium, and less commonly stratified silty clay to very fine sand. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Hanaker,
Jekley,
Morton and
Xavier series. Hanaker soils have a moderately alkaline Bt horizon. Jekley and Morton soils have bedrock within depths of 40 inches. In addition, Jekley soils occur at elevations above 7,700 feet. Xavier soils are less than 12 inches to the base of the Bt horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Farland soils are on level to moderately steep terraces, foot slopes of stream valleys and fans on uplands. Slope gradients commonly average between 1 and 6 percent, but range from 0 to 20 percent. The soils formed in stratified alluvium of mixed mineralogy. The mean annual temperature ranges from 39 to 45 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation from 13 to 18 inches. Most of the precipitation comes in the spring and summer.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing
Morton soils and the
Belfield,
Manning,
Parshall,
Regent,
Wyola,
Sen,
Shambo,
Stady,
Straw and
Vebar soils. Belfield, Manning, Parshall, Wyola, Shambo, Stady and Straw soils on adjacent terraces and the Morton, Regent, Sen and Vebar soils on adjacent uplands. Belfield soils have a natric horizon. Manning and Stady soils have gravelly 2C horizons at depths of less than 40 inches. Parshall and Straw soils have a mollic epipedon more than 16 inches thick. In addition, Parshall soils are coarse-loamy and Straw soils are fine-loamy. Regent and Vebar soils are moderately deep to paralithic beds. In addition Regent soils are fine and Vebar soils are coarse-loamy. Wyola soils are fine. Sen soils do not have argillic horizons. Shambo soils do not have an argillic horizon and are fine-loamy.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is slow or medium. Permeability is moderate or moderately slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Cultivated areas are used for growing small grains, flax, corn, hay and pasture. Some areas are irrigated for production of alfalfa, beans, corn and sugar beets. Native vegetation is needleandthread, green needlegrass, western wheatgrass and blue grama.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western North Dakota, eastern Montana and northwestern South Dakota. The series is of large extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: McKenzie County, North Dakota, 1932.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 11 inches (A and Bt1 horizons); argillic horizon - zone from 4 to 18 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: S58ND-45-13, and S58ND-45-20 on pp. 88-91 of Soil Survey Investigation Report No. 2.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.