LOCATION FARNUM                  KS+OK

Established Series
Rev. JCW, GLP, BKN
07/2020

FARNUM SERIES

The Farnum series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in loamy alluvium. Farnum soils are on paleoterraces in river valleys of the Great Bend Sand Plains (MLRA 79). Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 700 mm (28 inches) and the mean annual temperature is about 14 degrees C (57 degrees F) at the type location.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Pachic Argiustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Farnum loam -- on an east facing, convex, 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 503 meters (1650 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) As described on October 18, 1995.

Ap--0 to 13 centimeters (0 to 5 inches); brown (10YR 4/3), interior, loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3), interior, moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; 13 percent clay; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A--13 to 38 centimeters (5 to 15 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), interior, loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), interior, moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; 16 percent clay; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizons 10 to 50 centimeters (4 to 20 inches))

Bt1--38 to 53 centimeters (15 to 21 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), interior, loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), interior, moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots throughout; 22 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous clay films on vertical faces of peds; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--53 to 86 centimeters (21 to 34 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), interior, sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), interior, moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 28 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3--86 to 123 centimeters (34 to 48 inches); brown (10YR 5/3), interior, loam, brown (10YR 4/3), interior, moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 32 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous clay films on vertical faces of peds; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt4--123 to 155 centimeters (48 to 61 inches); brown (10YR 5/3), interior, clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3), interior, moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 30 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous clay films on vertical faces of peds; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt5--155 to 185 centimeters (61 to 68 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), interior, clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), interior, moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 30 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous clay films on vertical faces of peds; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; gradual wavy boundary (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons range from 36 to 165 centimeters (14 to 65 inches))

Btk--185 to 203 centimeters (68 to 80 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), interior, loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), interior, moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 27 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous clay films on vertical faces of peds; common fine irregular carbonate threads throughout; slightly effervescent in root channels and or pores (HCl, 1 normal); slightly alkaline. (Combined thickness of the Btk horizons range from 0 to 100 centimeters (0 to 40 inches))

TYPE LOCATION: Reno County, Kansas; about 4.8 kilometers (3 miles) southwest of Nickerson; located about 427 meters (1400 feet) east and 30 meters (100 feet) north of the southwest corner of sec. 13, T. 22 S., R. 8 W. Sterling, Kansas USGS topographic quadrangle, latitude 38 degrees 7 minutes 59.2 seconds N. and longitude 98 degrees 9 minutes 37 seconds W., WGS84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: The soil moisture control section is intermittently moist in some part from March through October; driest in November through February; ustic moisture regime bordering on udic Soil temperature: mesic
Mean annual soil temperature: 14 to 15 degrees C (57 to 59 degrees F)
Particle size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 20 to 34 percent
Sand content: 25 to 60 percent Depth to bedrock: greater than 200 centimeters (80 inches)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 50 to 85 centimeters (20 to 34 inches)
Thickness of the argillic horizon: 150 to 193 centimeters (59 to 76 inches)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: greater than 90 centimeters (36 inches)

A horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 to 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3 dry or moist
Texture: loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or clay loam
Clay content: 10 to 33 percent
Sand content: 25 to 75 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent fine gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam, or loam
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Sand content: 25 to 60 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent fine gravel
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

Btk horizon (where present):
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam, or loam
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Sand content: 25 to 70 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent fine gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 2 to 10 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
Some pedons have may have a BC or C horizon with colors and texture similar to the Bt and Btk horizons.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Albinas, Bluewater, Dondiego, Estrada, Funmar, Garrett, Haxtun, Jarita, Keya, Prosper, Renner, Sampson, Tracylee, Vosburg, Wetterdon, and Woodly soils.
Albinas, Dondeigo, Estrada, Haxtun, Keya, Sampson, Tracylee, Vosburg, Wetterdon, and Woodly soils have a mean annual soil temperatures less than 14 degrees C (57 degrees F).
Bluewater soils are somewhat poorly drained.
Funmar soils have a paleosol between 50 to 100 centimeters (20 to 40 inches).
Garrett soils have hue of 5YR or redder.
Jarita soils have bedrock above depth of 100 centimeters (40 inches).
Prosper and Renner soils have secondary carbonates at less than 90 centimeters (36 inches).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy alluvium
Landform: nearly level to gently sloping areas on paleoterraces in river valleys or uplands
Slopes: 0 to 6 percent
Elevation: 350 to 740 meters (1150 to 2430 feet)
Mean annual air temperature: 13 to 15 degrees C (55 to 59 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 610 to 840 mm (24 to 33 inches)
Precipitation pattern: Precipitation is usually evenly distributed throughout the year with the exception of November through February being the driest months and May and June being the wettest months. Summer precipitation occurs during intense summer thunderstorms.
Frost-free period: 180 to 230 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the Carbika, Funmar, Naron, and Saltcreek series.
Carbika soils are in depressions on paleoterraces in river valleys and are poorly drained.
Funmar soils are on nearly level to gently sloping areas on paleoterraces and have a paleosol between 50 to 100 centimeters (20 to 40 inches).
Naron soils are on rolling small dunes on paleoterraces, have a mollic epipedon between 25 cm and 50 centimeters (10 and 20 inches) thick, and have 18 to 25 percent clay in the particle size control section.
Saltcreek soils are on rolling small dunes on paleoterraces, have a paleosol occurring between 65 to 150 centimeters (25 and 60 inches), and have a mollic epipedon between 25 cm and 50 centimeters (10 and 20 inches) thick.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: well drained
Runoff: low
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: moderately high

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated.
The major crops are winter wheat and grain sorghum.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South Central Kansas. Land Resource Region H, Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range; MLRA 79 Great Bend Sand Plains. This series is of moderate extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Geary County, Kansas. 1957

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 53 centimeters (0 to 21 inches) (Ap, A, Bt1)
Argillic horizon: 38 to 203 centimeters (15 to 80 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, Bt5, Btk)
Secondary carbonates: 185 to 203 centimeters (73 to 80 inches) (Btk)
Keys to Soil Taxonomy: Twelfth edition, 2014
Updated the OSD to reflect MLRA 79 climate - changed taxonomy to mesic.
Modified format by LRM in 10/2005 to include metric conversion and change permeability to saturated hydraulic conductivity.

GLP 07/2009 revised competing series, updated range in characteristics.

1/2017 BKN Updated lat/long to WGS84. Added precipitation pattern to geographic settings. Removed Carway and Taver from geographically associated soils. Added secondary carbonates to remarks. Updated Keys to Soil Taxonomy to twelfth edition.
ADDITIONAL DATA: For additional information, refer to Soil Survey Investigation Report No.4, pages 22 to 25. The type location was moved in 1999 with the correlation of the Reno County, Kansas update. NSSL lab pedon number 40A1785 (pedon ID S1958KS155005) is from near the original type location. Other samples that support this series are: NSSL lab sample number 97P0098 (pedon ID 96KS155415), 40A1786 (pedon ID S1958KS155009), and 06N1020 (pedon ID S2006KS185903).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.