LOCATION CARBIKA KSEstablished Series
The Carbika series consists of very deep, poorly drained, very slowly permeable soils. They are formed in loamy eolian sediments over alluvium. These soils occur in interdunal depressions on paleo-terraces in river valleys of the Great Bend Sand Plains (MLRA 79). Mean annual air temperature is 56 degrees F (13 degrees C), and mean annual precipitation is 29 inches (74 centimeters). Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Argiaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Carbika silt loam. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 11 inches (0 to 28 centimeters); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), interior, silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), interior, dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots throughout; 18 percent clay; common fine dendritic dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout and common medium irregular gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions throughout; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (thickness of the A horizons range from 5 to 16 inches; 13 to 41 centimeters thick)
Bt1--11 to 15 inches (28 to 38 centimeters); very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1), interior, clay loam, dark gray (2.5Y 4/1), interior, dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots throughout; 40 percent clay; few distinct continuous very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds and few distinct discontinuous pressure faces on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; common fine and medium irregular dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation throughout and common fine irregular black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions throughout and common fine and medium irregular gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions in cracks; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--15 to 22 inches (38 to 56 centimeters); dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2), interior, clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), interior, dry; weak fine and medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; very hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots throughout; 37 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; common fine and medium irregular dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout and common medium irregular gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions throughout and common fine and medium rounded very dark brown (10YR 2/2) iron-manganese concretions throughout; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); 1 percent subrounded mixed gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--22 to 34 inches (56 to 86 centimeters); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), interior, clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2), interior, dry; weak fine and medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; very hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots throughout; 34 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; common fine and medium rounded black (10YR 2/1) masses of iron-manganese accumulation throughout and common medium irregular dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt4--34 to 41 inches (86 to 104 centimeters); brown (10YR 4/3), interior, clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3), interior, dry; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; very hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 34 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on vertical faces of peds; common fine irregular dark gray (10YR 4/1) masses of iron accumulation throughout and few fine irregular black (10YR 2/1) masses of iron-manganese accumulation throughout; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt5--41 to 60 inches (104 to 152 centimeters); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), interior, clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), interior, dry; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 33 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on vertical faces of peds; few fine and medium rounded very dark brown (10YR 2/2) iron-manganese concretions throughout and few fine and medium irregular very dark brown (10YR 2/2) masses of iron-manganese accumulation throughout and common fine irregular strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Btk--60 to 80 inches (152 to 203 centimeters); brown (7.5YR 4/4), interior, clay loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4), interior, dry; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 34 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on vertical faces of peds; few fine irregular very dark brown (10YR 2/2) masses of iron-manganese accumulation throughout and common fine irregular carbonate concretions throughout and common fine irregular carbonate nodules throughout; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); slightly alkaline. (combined thickness of the Bt horizons ranges from 30 to 70 inches; 76 to 178 centimeters thick)
TYPE LOCATION: Reno County, Kansas; 5 miles west of Hutchinson; 2200 feet (671 meters) south and 800 feet (244 meters) east of NW 24-T23S-R07W; (USGS Yaggy topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 2 minutes 12.1 seconds N. and long. 98 degrees 2 minutes 52.4 seconds W.)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture regime: aquic
Soil temperature regime: mesic
Mean annual soil temperature: 56 to 58 degrees F (13 to 14 degrees C).
Particle-size control section: clay content: 28 to 45 percent
Depth to bedrock: greater than 80 inches (203 centimeters)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 16 to 80 inches (41 to 203 centimeters)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 18 inches (25 to 46 centimeters)
Water table: depth is 0.5 to 2 feet (0.1 to 0.6 meters), kind is perched, months are Dec. - Jun.
Some pedons have 3BC, 3BCg, 3BCk, 3BCgk, or 3C horizons.
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 (moist) 4 or 5 (dry)
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam
Reaction: neutral to strongly acid
Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 3 to 6 (moist) 4 to 7 (dry)
Chroma: 1 or 2 but ranges to 3 in the part of the horizon
Texture: clay, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay loam
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to moderately alkaline
Btk horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6 (moist) 5 to 7 (dry)
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Chancellor (SD), Clarinda (IA), Coatsburg (IL), Crossplain (SD), Edinburg (IL), Haig (IA), Mazaska (MN), Minnetonka (MN), Sampsel (MO), Taintor (IA), Terrabella (OR), Virden (IL), and Worthing (SD) soils in the same family. These soils have a lower mean annual air temperature and a higher precipitation.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Carbika soils
Parent material: loamy eolian sediments over alluvium
Landform: concave interdunal depressions
Slopes: 0 to 1 percent
Elevation: 1515 to 1805 feet (461.8 to 550.2 meters)
Mean annual air temperature: 55 to 57 degrees F (13 to 14 degrees C).
Mean annual precipitation: 24 to 35 inches (61 to 89 centimeters)
Wettest months: Mar. - Oct.
Driest months: Nov. - Feb.
Frost-free period: 187 to 225 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the Carway, Dillhut , Funmar , Hayes , Pratt, Saltcreek , Solvay , Taver and Turon series. The fine-loamy Carway soils do not have a mollic epipedon and are moderately deep to buried soil material with greater than 35 percent clay. They are on similar positions. The moderately well drained, sandy Dillhut soils do not have an argillic horizon and are on low dunes. Funmar and Taver soils are moderately well drained and are on higher positions surrounding the depressions. The well drained, coarse-loamy Hayes soils are on dunes. The well drained, sandy Pratt and Turon soils are on dunes. The well drained, fine-loamy Saltcreek soils are on dunes. Solvay soils are better drained and do not contain a buried soil with 30 to 45 percent clay, and are on slightly higher positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage: somewhat poorly.
Runoff: very low
Permeability: very slow.
Episaturation: A perched water table is present with an upper limit of 0 to 16 inches (0 to 41 centimeters) and a lower limit of 5 to 16 inches (13 to 41 centimeters)
during December to June, in most years.
Ponding: Long duration ponding occurs to depths of 0 to 6 inches (0 to 15 centimeters) during April to June in 5 to 50 times in 100 years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly cultivated; winter wheat and grain sorghum are the principal crops.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South Central Kansas. LRR H Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range, MLRA 79 Great Bend Sand Plains. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Reno County, Kansas; 1995
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon: The zone from 0 to 15 inches (0 to 38 centimeters) (A, Bt1)
argillic horizon: The zone from 15 to 80 inches (38 to 203) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, Bt5, Btk)
Water table: The presence of a perched water table from 0.5 to 2 feet (0.1 to 0.6 meters) during the months of Dec. - Jun.
Keys to Soil Taxonomy: Eighth edition, 1998
ADDITIONAL DATA: Carbika soils were formerly mapped as Carwile. Clay values are field estimates.
CARBIKA SERIES
LRR=H
DATE: 03/08/95
03/08/95 Carbika proposed with the TP being 98KS155006.
04/8/96 Corrected the SIR and OSD to reflect very slowly permeable.
03/11/2004 WAW Changed the range in clay of the control section from 25 to 35, too 28 to 45. The sample from the type location does support the field observations that this series as fine.