LOCATION FOARD OK+TX

Established Series
Rev. JGF-TGM
09/2016

FOARD SERIES

The Foard series consists of very deep, well drained, very slowly permeable soils. They formed in material weathered from old alluvium of granitic outwash over shales and clays from Permian red beds. These nearly level to gently sloping soils are on broad summits and shoulder slopes of terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual temperature is 16 degrees C (61 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is 660 mm (26 in).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Natrustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Foard silt loam-cultivated, on a 1 percent slope, at an elevation of 333 m (1092 ft). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 in); brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (Thickness of the Ap horizon is 13 to 30 cm [5 to 12 in])

Btss1--23 to 43 cm (9 to 17 in); brown (7.5YR 4/2) silty clay, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium blocky; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) shiny surfaces on faces of peds; few silt coatings between peds; few non-intersecting slickensides; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Btss2--43 to 56 cm (17 to 22 in); brown (7.5YR 4/2) silty clay, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; patchy shiny surfaces on faces of peds; common non-intersecting slickensides; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btss horizon is 13 to 76 cm [5 to 30 in])

Btnkss1--56 to 97 cm (22 to 38 in); brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak medium blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; few intersecting slickensides; few shiny surfaces on faces of peds; few medium soft masses of lime; few fine crystals of salt in the lower part; strongly effervescent, moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Btnkss2--97 to 122 cm (38 to 48 in); brown (7.5YR 5/4) silty clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; ped faces are coated with brown (7.5YR 4/2) silt coatings; weak coarse blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few fine pores; few intersecting slickensides; few medium soft masses of lime; few crystals of salt; strongly effervescent, moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btnkss horizon is 30 to 114 cm [12 to 45 in])

BCnss--122 to 142 cm (48 to 56 in); yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; common fine distinct gray redoximorphic depletion masses and brown redoximorphic concentration masses in lower part; weak coarse blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few intersecting slickensides; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (Thickness of the BCnss horizon is 13 to 30 cm [5 to 12 in])

Cn--142 to 168 cm (56 to 66 in); yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; few fine distinct gray redoximorphic depletion masses and black redoximorphic concentration masses; massive; very hard, very firm; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Cotton County, Oklahoma; about 5 miles west and 2 1/4 miles north of Emerson, 100 feet east and 1,320 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 11, T. 2 S., R. 13 W.

USGS topographic quadrangle: Faxon, OK
Latitude: 34 degrees, 23 minutes, 44 seconds N
Longitude: 98 degrees, 32 minutes, 22 seconds W
Datum: NAD83

Decimal Degrees:
Latitude: 34.3955555
Longitude: -98.5394444

UTM Easting: 542333.3 m
UTM Northing: 3806111.9 m
UTM Zone: 14N

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth of solum: 100 to 150 cm (40 to more than 60 in)
Depth to soft secondary calcium carbonates: 30 to 76 cm (12 to 30 in) Content of calcium carbonate: 2 to 10 percent by volume below a depth of 30 cm (12 in) as soft masses
Vertic feature: This soil has cracks within 125 cm (49 in) of the mineral soil surface that is 5 mm or more wide through a thickness of 30 cm (12 in) or more for some time in most years, and slickensides in a layer 15 cm (6 in) or more thick that has its upper boundary within 125 cm (49 in) of the mineral soil surface; or a linear extensibility of 6.0 or more between the mineral soil surface and a depth of 100 cm (40 in).

A horizon:
Hue: 7,5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5, 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Effervescence: none to strong
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline

Btss1 horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay or clay
Clay content: 35 to 45 percent
Exchangeable sodium percentage: less than 15
Sodium adsorption ration: 5 to 15
Effervescence: slight to violent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Btss2 horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 or 5, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay or clay
Clay content: 35 to 45 percent
Exchangeable sodium percentage: less than 15 to a depth of 50 cm (20 in) from the soil surface
Sodium adsorption ration: 15 to 25
Effervescence: slight to violent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Btnkss horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 6, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Exchangeable sodium percentage: 15 to 25
Sodium adsorption ratio: 15 to 25
Calcium carbonate: amount-2 to 10 percent by volume; kind-soft masses
Effervescence: slight to violent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

BCnss horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 6, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Redoximorphic features: are present in most pedons below 127 cm (50 in) and range from few to common
Exchangeable sodium percentage: 15 to 20
Sodium adsorption ratio: 15 to 25
Effervescence: slight to violent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Cn horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR to 7.5YR
Value: 5 or 6, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Redoximorphic features: are present in most pedons and range from few to common
Exchangeable sodium percentage: 19 to 24
Sodium adsorption ratio: 15 to 25
Effervescence: slight to violent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES:
There are no competing series in the same family. Similar soils are the Hinkle and Hollister series.
Hinkle soils: have ochric epipedons and an exchangeable sodium percentage of more than 15 percent within 50 cm (20 in) of the soil surface
Hollister soils: do not have a natric horizon and are vertisols

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: formed in clayey material weathered from old alluvium of granitic outwash from the Wichita Mountains over clayey sediments of Permian age
Landscape: Alluvial plains
Landform: on nearly level to gently sloping broad summits and shoulder slopes of terrace pediments
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Mean annual air temperature: 14 to 18 degrees C (57 to 64 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 559 to 813 mm (22 to 32 in)
Frost-free period: 185 to 230 days
Elevation: 305 to 610 meters (1,000 to 2,000 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-E Index Values: 32 to 44

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Hinkle and Hollister series, and the Lawton and Tillman series.
Hinkle: are on similar positions
Hollister: do not have a natric horizon and are vertisols
Lawton: soils occur on slightly higher areas, have mixed mineralogy, and no vertic properties
Tillman: do not have a natric horizon and have mixed mineralogy

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage: Well drained
Permeability: very slow
Runoff: medium on 0 to 1 percent slopes, and high on slopes above 1 percent

USE AND VEGETATION: Mainly used for small grains and cotton. Some is in native range. Vegetation is sideoats grama, blue grama, western wheatgrass, little bluestem, and buffalograss.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: LRR H; Central Rolling Red Plains (MLRA 78B, 78C) of Oklahoma and Texas. The series is extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Foard County, Texas; 1919.

REMARKS:

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 56 cm (0 to 22 in) (Ap, Btss1, and Btss2 horizon)
Argillic horizon: 23 to 122 cm (9 to 48 in) (Bt horizon)
Natric horizon: 56 to 168 cm (22 to 66 in) (Btn, BCn, and Cn horizons)
Vertic feature: contains cracks within 125 cm (50 in) of the soil surface that are 5 mm or more wide through a thickness of 30 cm (12 in) or more, and slickensides in a layer 15 cm (6 in) or more thick within 125 cm (50 in) of the soil surface; or a linear extensibility of 6.0 or more between the mineral soil surface and a depth of 100 cm.

ADDITIONAL DATA: The mineralogy of these soils is based on Lincoln Soil Survey Laboratory data on mineralogy-particle size analysis. Sample Numbers 72L1016-72L1018 and 72L1019-72L1020. Also sample numbers S59-OK-16-1 and S59-OK-17-2.

Taxonomic version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.