LOCATION GAYVILLE SD+NEEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Leptic Natrustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Gayville silt loam - on a flat slope under native grass. When described the soil was moist to 36 inches and wet below. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
E--0 to 1 inch; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist; weak thin platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and many very fine roots throughout; common fine and many very fine tubular pores; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (1/2 to 2 inches thick)
Btny1--1 to 7 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak coarse columnar structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; common fine and many very fine roots throughout; common fine and many very fine tubular pores; some tonguing of E horizon on column tops; few fine masses of gypsum; common fine patchy clay films; strong effervescence; strongly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Btny2--7 to 12 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; common black (10YR 2/1) stains along root channels and cracks; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few fine and common very fine roots throughout; common fine and many very fine tubular pores; few fine masses of gypsum; common fine patchy clay films; strong effervescence; strongly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Btny3--12 to 18 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) moist; common fine distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist redox concentrations, moist; common black (10YR 2/1) stains along root channels and cracks; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few fine and common very fine roots throughout; few fine and common very fine tubular pores; common fine masses of gypsum; few fine soft iron-manganese concretions; common fine patchy clay films; strong effervescence; strongly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined Btny horizons is 8 to 28 inches thick)
Bky--18 to 31 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) moist; few fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and common fine and medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist redox concentrations; few very dark gray (10YR 3/1) stains along root channels and cracks; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots throughout; few fine and common very fine tubular pores; common fine soft masses of calcium carbonate; few fine masses of gypsum; few fine soft iron-manganese concretions; violent effervescence; strongly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 15 inches thick)
C--31 to 80 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) stratified very fine sandy loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) moist; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist redox concentrations and few fine distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) redox depletions; massive; hard, friable; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots throughout upper part; few fine and common very fine vesicular and tubular pores; few fine soft iron-manganese concretions; strong effervescence; strongly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Clay County, South Dakota; about 7 miles west and 1 mile south of Westerville; 450 feet north and 775 feet east of southwest corner of sec. 31, T. 94 N., R. 53 W.; Latitude - 42 degrees, 54 minutes, 38 seconds North; Longitude - 97 degrees, 9 minutes, 28 seconds West.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: Soil is moist in the solum from December through April and intermittently moist from May through December. The driest months are July through September.
Depth to secondary carbonates: 0 to 16 inches
Depth to redoximorphic features: common, fine and medium, distinct and prominent 10YR and 7.5YR, values 4 to 5, chromas 5 to 8 at depth below 24 inches from the surface
Depth to endosaturation: 24 to 48 inches
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 8 to 19 inches; The Surface is mollic when mixed to a depth of 7 inches.
Thickness of solum: 20 to 36 inches
Salinity: 4-16 mmhos/cm in the control section
SAR: 0-15 ; The Btn horizon typically has an SAR of 6 to 15.
Control section: averages less than 50 percent silt
E horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 1
Texture: silt loam or loam in undisturbed fields; when plowed, the Ap horizon is silty clay loam or clay loam.
Reaction: slightly acid to strongly alkaline
Note: Some pedons have an A horizon 1 to 2 inches thick;
Btny horizons:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 5 DRY, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam, clay loam or silty clay averaging from 35 to 45 percent clay. When cultivated, the upper Btn horizon is mixed in the Ap horizon
Reaction: slightly alkaline to very strongly alkaline
Bky horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: stratified very fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam and silty clay loam
Reaction: moderately alkaline to very strongly alkaline.
Note: Stratification is not present in some pedons; Some pedons have a Bz or Bkz horizon.
C horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y
Value: 6 to 8 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: stratified silt loam, loam and very fine sandy loam, but the strata ranges from fine sand to silty clay loam. Reaction: moderately alkaline to very strongly alkaline
Note: Stratification is not present in some pedons
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bavaria, Jerauld, and Weta series. Bavaria soils average more than 52 degrees F. at a depth of 20 inches. Jerauld soils do not have redoximorphic features above 40 inches. Weta soils average more than 50 percent silt in the lower one-half of the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Gayville soils are on bottomlands. Slopes are less than 2 percent. These soils formed in clayey alluvium underlain by stratified loamy alluvium. Mean annual temperature ranges from 48 to 52 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 20 to 26 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Blencoe, Lamo, Luton, Napa, and Onawa soils. Blencoe, Lamo, Luton, and Onawa soils do not have natric horizons. Blencoe and Luton soils are on slightly higher positions. Lamo, Napa, and Onawa soils are slightly lower on the landscape. Napa soils are poorly or very poorly drained and contain more clay in the particle size control section.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is very slow in the solum and moderate or moderately slow in the underlying material. It has a seasonal water table at depths between 2 and 4 feet.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for cropland. Native vegetation includes alkali cordgrass, prairie cordgrass, nuttail alkaligrass, western wheatgrass, and saltgrass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeastern South Dakota along the Missouri River and adjoining parts of Nebraska. It is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Clay County, South Dakota, 1944.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of about 18 inches (E, Btny1, Btny2, Btny3 horizons); argillic (Natric) horizon - the zone from a depth of about 1 inch to 18 inches (Btny1, Btny2, Btny3 horizons).
[COMMENT: Gayville has never had a 'A/E' or 'A and E' horizon described. - DRS]