LOCATION GENESEO NY
Established Series
Est. SEA-MWH-DAS
11/2013
GENESEO SERIES
The Geneseo series consists of very deep, well drained soils on floodplains. They formed in nearly level, silty alluvial deposits. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately low or moderately high in the surface layer and subsoil, and moderately high or high in the substratum. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual temperature is 8.8 degrees C (47.8 degrees F) and mean annual precipitation is 88 cm (34.6 inches).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Eutrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Geneseo silt clay loam on less than 1% slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap -- 0 to 25 centimeters (0 to 10 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots and common medium roots; 3 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 inches) thick.)
AB -- 25 to 69 centimeters (10 to 27 inches); 80 percent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and 20 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 43 cm (0 to 17 inches) thick.)
Bw -- 69 to 84 centimeters (27 to 33 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; 15 percent medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), masses of iron accumulation; 7 percent gravel; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 15 to 94 cm (6 to 37 inches).)
BC -- 84 to 122 centimeters (33 to 48 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 0 percent distinct very dark brown (10YR 2/2), organic stains; 15 percent fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), masses of iron accumulation and 15 percent fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2), areas of iron depletion; 1 moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 38 cm (0 to 15 inches) thick.)
C1 -- 122 to 160 centimeters (48 to 63 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine sandy loam; massive; very friable; 25 percent fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), masses of iron accumulation; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
C2 -- 160 to 203 centimeters (63 to 80 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly fine sandy loam; single grain; loose; 32 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Ontario County, New York; Town of Phelps, 1041 meters (3415 feet) South of Gifford Rd. and 1,233 meters (4045 feet) Southeast of the intersection of Gifford Rd. and Maryland Rd., along the Canandaigua Outlet. USGS Geneva North, NY topographic quadrangle; Latitude 42 degrees, 58 minutes, 25.14 seconds N. and Longitude 76 degrees, 59 minutes, 00.17 seconds W., NAD 1983.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 61 through 127 centimeters (24 to 50 inches). Depth to bedrock is more than 152 centimeters (60 inches). Rock fragments range from 0 through 10 percent by volume in the solum and 0 to 35 percent by volume in the C horizon. The soil is neutral through moderately alkaline throughout. Carbonates are often present in this soil.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 through 3. Dry value is 6 or 7. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. Structure is commonly weak or moderate, fine or medium granular. Consistence is very friable or friable.
The AB, where present, has colors and textures similar to the A and B horizons.
The B horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 through 5, and chroma of 2 through 6. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. Structure is blocky.
The BC, where present, has colors and textures similar to the B horizon.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 through 5, and chroma of 2 through 4. It ranges from silt loam through fine sandy loam. The C horizon is massive, single grain, or it has weak plate like divisions from fine stratification.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other known series in the same family.
The
Chagrin,
Genesee,
Hamlin and
Tioga series are similar soils in closely related families. Chagrin and Genesee soils have fine-loamy particle size control sections. Hamlin soils have coarse-silty particle size control sections. Tioga soils have coarse-loamy particle size control sections.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Geneseo soils are nearly level soils on floodplains. Slope ranges 0 through 3 percent. The soils formed in post glacial alluvium mainly from areas of siltstone, shale and limestone. In some valleys the silty alluvium overlies lacustrine sediments. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 79 through 112 centimeters (31 to 44 inches), mean annual air temperature from 7.3 degrees through 9.1 degrees C (45 degrees to 48.4 degrees F), and growing season from 107 through 171 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The Geneseo soils are the well drained member of a drainage sequence consisting of the moderately well drained
Hemlock, somewhat poorly drained
Naples Creek, and poorly and very poorly drained
Wayland series. The
Ontario soils are on nearby till mantled uplands, the
Palmyra soils are on nearby outwash deposits, and the
Schoharie and
Odessa soils are on nearby glacial lacustrine deposits.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Geneseo (T) soils are well drained. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately low or moderately high in the surface layer and subsoil, and moderately high or high in the substratum. These soils are subject to rare or occasional flooding.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly cleared and used for forage and truck crops. Flooding is a hazard for more intensive uses. Woodlands consist of silver maple, green ash, sycamore, and tulip poplar.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Ontario-Erie Plain and Great Lakes Region. MLRA 101 and 140. The soils are of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Yates County, New York, 2012 as part of the Ontario-Yates area project.
REMARKS: The Geneseo series was set up to cover the fine-silty well drained floodplain soils not represented by any other series.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
(1.) Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 25 centimeters (10 inches) (Ap horizon).
(2.) Cambic horizon - the zone from 69 to 84 centimeters (27 to 33 inches) (Bw horizon).
(3.) Oxyaquic - as indicated by high chroma redox features within 100 cm (40 inches).
(4.) Udic soil moisture regime.
(5.) Pedon originally described in English units, then converted to metric units.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data for the typical pedon is available through the NSSC lab, sample number S08NY069014.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.