LOCATION GORE                    LA+AR

Established Series
Rev. JLD:JJD:MJB
01/2017

GORE SERIES

The Gore series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, very slowly permeable soils that formed in thick clayey fluvial sediments on Pleistocene age terraces. Slope is dominantly 1 to 5 percent, but ranges to as much as 20 percent near escarpments that are adjacent to drainageways. Mean annual air temperature is about 17.0 degrees C (63 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is about 1303 mm (51.3 in).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, thermic Vertic Paleudalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Gore silt loam, on a smooth 4 percent side slope, in woodland at an elevation of 68.5 m (225 ft). (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 in); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (Thickness of the A horizon is 3 to 15 cm [1 to 6 in])

E--5 to 13 cm (2 to 5 in); brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak coarse platy structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common fine pores; few medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) masses of reduced iron with diffuse boundaries; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (Thickness of the E horizon is 0 to 13 cm [0 to 5 in])

BE--13 to 18 cm (5 to 7 in); brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; few medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries in matrix; few fine prominent black (10YR 2/1) concretions; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Thickness of the BE horizon is 0 to 10 cm [0 to 4 in])

Bt1--18 to 41 cm (7 to 16 in); red (2.5YR 4/6) silty clay; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent pale brown (10YR 6/3) masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries in matrix; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2--41 to 61 cm (16 to 24 in); yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay; few fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) relict mottles; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds and in pores; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3--61 to 76 cm (24 to 30 in); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay; many medium prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) lithochromic mottles; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 41 to 119 cm [16 to 47 in])

BC--76 to 122 cm (30 to 48 in); gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay; many medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) lithochromic mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few pockets of very fine sandy loam and silty clay loam in lower part of horizon; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Thickness of the BC horizon is 0 to 61 cm [0 to 24 in])

Bss--122 to 147 (48 to 58 in); yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct slickensides that do not intersect; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (Thickness of the Bss horizon is 0 to 36 cm [0 inch to 14 in])

C--147 to 203 (58 to 80 in); reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay; massive; firm; few distinct slickensides; few medium prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions with diffuse boundaries; moderately acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Rapides Parish, Louisiana; 1.1 miles west of Otis; 38 yards north of road; sec. 26, T. 3 N., R. 4 W PLSS.

USGS Topographic Quadrangle: Sieper, LA
Latitude: 31 degrees, 12 minutes, 42.25 seconds N
Longitude: 92 degrees, 44 minutes, 57.81 seconds W

Decimal Degrees:
Latitude: 31.21173611 degrees
Longitude: -92.74938889 degrees
Datum: WGS84

UTM Easting: 523871.71 m
UTM Northing: 3453095.12 m
UTM Zone: 15N

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Solum thickness: 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 in)
Depth to argillic horizon: 8 to 38 cm (3 to 15 in)
Depth to redox depletions: 5.1 cm (2 in)
Vertic features: 31 to 203 cm (12 to 80 in)

Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 40 to 59 percent

A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: very fine sandy loam, silt loam, or loam
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

E horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: very fine sandy loam, silt loam, or loam
Redox depletions: amount-few; size-fine or medium; contrast-faint; color-shades of gray; boundary-diffuse; location-throughout
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

BE or EB horizon (where present):
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: very fine sandy loam, silt loam, loam, or silty clay loam
Clay content: 15 to 40 percent
Sand content: 30 to 50 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-none or few; size-medium; contrast-distinct; color-shades of brown; boundary-sharp; location-throughout
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

Bt horizon (upper part):
Hue: 2.5YR or 5YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Clay content: 40 to 60 percent
Sand content: 10 to 40 percent, but dominantly 10 to 20 percent
Clay films: distinctness-faint to distinct; location-on ped faces and in pores
Redox concentrations: amount-few to common; size-fine or medium; contrast-faint to prominent; color-shades of red to brown; boundary-sharp; location-throughout
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral

Bt horizon (lower part):
Hue: 2.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 4 to 8; and 1 or 2 with hue of 10YR or 2.5Y
Texture: clay or silty clay
Clay content: 40 to 60 percent
Sand content: 10 to 20 percent
Clay films: distinctness-faint to distinct; location-on ped faces and in pores;
Mottles (lithochromic): amount-few to many; size-fine or medium; contrast-faint to prominent; color-shades of red, brown or gray; boundary-sharp; location-throughout
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral

BC horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 8
Texture: clay or silty clay
Clay content: 40 to 70 percent
Sand content: 10 to 20 percent
Other features: Some pedons have pockets of very fine sandy loam, silt loam or silty clay loam
Mottles (lithochromic): amount-few to many; size-fine or medium; contrast-faint to prominent; color-shades of red, brown or gray; boundary-sharp; location-throughout
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral

Bss horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR or 5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: clay
Clay content: 60 to 80 percent
Slickensides and pressure faces: amount-few; distinctness-distinct or prominent
Identifiable secondary carbonates: amount-none to common; size-fine or medium; kind-masses; location-throughout
Effervescence: none to slight
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately alkaline

C horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR or 5YR
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 4 or 6
Texture: clay or silty clay
Clay content: 40 to 80 percent
Slickensides and pressure faces: amount-few; distinctness-distinct or prominent
Identifiable secondary carbonates: amount-none to common; size-fine or medium; kind-masses; location-throughout
Effervescence: none to slight
Reaction: moderately acid to moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Acadiana (LA), Boswell (MS) series in the same family and the Acadia (LA), Annona (TX), Forbing (LA), McKamie (LA), and Susquehanna (MS) series.
Acadiana soils: have browner colors in the argillic horizon and have glossic features
Acadia soils: have 1 or 2 chroma in the argillic horizon
Annona, Forbing, and Susquehanna soils: have smectitic clay mineralogy
Boswell soils: do not have the reddish clays in the Bss and C horizons McKamie soils: do not have 2 chroma mottles in the argillic horizon and are underlain with stratified loamy sediments

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent Material: Red clayey alluvium most likely washed from Permian Red Beds and associated sediments
Landscape: Coastal Plains
Landform: stream terrace of Pleistocene age
Slope: 1 to 20 percent, but dominantly 1 to 5 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 1069 to 1537 mm (42 to 60.5 in)
Mean annual air temperature: 12 to 21.1 degrees C (54 to 70 degrees F)
Mean annual soil temperature: 13.3 to 22.2 degrees C (56 to 72 degrees F)
Frost-free period: 200 to 276
Elevation: 18.3 to 76.2 m (60 to 250 ft)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Acadia (LA), Ashford (LA), Forbing (LA), Kolin (LA) and McKamie (LA) series and Morse (LA), and Muskogee (OK) series.
Acadia and Ashford soils: are on lower, level or nearly level areas
Forbing and McKamie soils: are on the slightly lower and steeper side slopes
Morse soils: are on adjacent lower slopes, are calcareous throughout, and do not have 2 chroma mottles
McKamie soils: are in lower areas and have a thinner solum

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage: well drained
Permeability: very slow
Runoff: very high

USE AND VEGETATION: The major use is timber production. Principal vegetation is mixed hardwood and pine forest. A small acreage is used as cropland or pastureland.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Louisiana and southern Arkansas. LRR P; MLRA 133B. This series is of large extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bossier Parish, Louisiana; 1959.

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 in) (A, E horizons)
Albic horizon: 5 to 13 cm (2 to 5 in) (E horizon)
Argillic horizon: 18 to 76 cm (7 to 30 in) (Bt horizons)
Vertic properties and slickensides: 122 to 203 cm (48 to 80 in) (Bss and C horizon)

Edited 01/2017 (JAD-MJB) Changed to tabular format. Added metric measurements. Updated pedon description, range in characteristics, competing series, geographic setting, geographically associated soils, and other sections.

ADDITIONAL DATA: none

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.