LOCATION GREENWAY SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Greenway loam - on a nearly level slope of less than 1 percent in hayland. When described the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; medium acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 9 inches thick)
Bt1--8 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; thin shiny film on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--12 to 16 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist coatings on faces of peds; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to weak coarse and medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; thin shiny film on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt1 and Bt2 horizons is 6 to 14 inches.)
Bt3--16 to 19 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) sandy loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable; thin patchy film on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (1 to 8 inches thick)
2Bt4--19 to 24 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; common tongues of olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) moist; thin continuous shiny film on faces of peds; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
2Bk1--24 to 33 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; few fine distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) mottles; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; thin continuous shiny film on faces of peds; many medium and coarse accumulations of carbonate; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bk2--33 to 41 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; few fine distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) mottles; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; massive; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; many medium and coarse accumulations of carbonate; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined 2Bk horizon is 0 to 25 inches thick)
2C--41 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; few fine distinct mottles of reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; massive; hard, firm, sticky, and plastic; few fine and medium accumulations of carbonate; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: McPherson County, South Dakota; about 7 miles north and 4 miles east of Eureka; 1690 feet west and 1000 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 27, T. 128 N., R. 72 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to free carbonate ranges from 10 to 30 inches. The depth to firm clay loam glacial till is 15 to 25 inches. The mollic epipedon is 10 to 16 inches thick and includes the upper part of the argillic horizon. The soil typically contains 0 to 5 percent by volume of pebbles, cobbles, and stones, and a few boulders.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 2. It commonly is loam, but some pedons are silt loam. It ranges from medium acid to neutral.
The Bt1 and Bt2 horizons have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6 and 3 or 4 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3. They are loam or clay loam and average 20 to 30 percent clay. It is slightly acid or neutral.
The Bt3 horizon has hue of 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6 and 4 or 5 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It commonly is sandy loam but is loamy sand or sandy clay loam in some pedons. Tongues of the Bt3 horizon extend into the upper part of the 2Bt4 horizon. It is slightly acid or neutral.
The 2Bt4 horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 6 and 3 or 4 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is clay loam or clay averaging 35 to 45 percent clay. It is neutral or mildly alkaline.
The 2Bk and 2C horizons have hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 6 and 3 to 5 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. They are clay loam or clay. They have few to many, fine to coarse accumulations of carbonate and are mildly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bullflat, Dooley, Empedrado, Fairfield, Farnuf, Felor, Gurney, Hangdo, Lefor, Lininger, Livona, Martinsdale, Moen, Reeder, Trag, Vida, Watrous, Wemple, Williams, and Yegen series. Bullflat soils have more rock fragments in the substratum and are formed in alluvial colluvial material, Dooley soils formed in alluvial or aeolian sediments over glacial till, contain more sand in the solum, and do not have genetic horizon development into the underlying glacial till. Empedrado and Martinsdale soils typically contain more sand and less clay in the lower part of the series control section. Fairfield soils formed in alluvium and are less than 10 inches deep to the base of the argillic horizon. Farnuf soils formed in alluvium and lack IIB2t horizons. Felor soils formed in loamy sediments overlying clayey sediments and have less sand in the 2B and 2C horizons. Gurney soils are 20 to 40 inches deep over rock. Hangdo, Trag soils have carbonate accumulations below a depth of 40 inches. Lefor, Lininger and Reeder soils are underlaid by a paralithic contact between depths of 20 and 40 inches. Livona soils contain more sand in the upper part of the control section and less clay in the lower part. Moen and Watrous have a lithic contact between depths of 20 and 40 inches. Vida soils formed in glacial till and are less than 10 inches deep to the base of the argillic horizon. Wemple soils formed in sediments high in volcanic ash. Williams soils do not have 2Bt horizons and have less clay in the lower part of the argillic horizon and typically less clay in the C horizon within depths of 40 inches. In addition, Williams soils tend to be more permeable and have less firm consistence throughout the series control section. Yegen soils contain more sand in series control section and lack 2Bt2t horizons.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Greenway soils are on nearly level to gently sloping glacial till plains. Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent. The soils formed in loamy sediments and the firm clay loam underlying glacial till. Mean annual temperature ranges from 38 to 45 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 16 to 19 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Bearpaw, Bowbells, Williams, and Tonka soils. The fine textured Bearpaw soils are often in complex with Greenway soils have mollic epipedons more than 16 inches thick and in the same landscape. Bowbells soils are in nearby swales. Williams soils are in similar nearby landscapes. The poorly drained Tonka soils are in nearby depressions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Slow or medium runoff. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the soil and slow in the lower part.
USE AND VEGETATION: Cultivated areas are used for growing small grain, corn, alfalfa, and tame pasture and hay. Native vegetation is mainly western wheatgrass, needleandthread, blue grama, and green needlegrass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North-central South Dakota and possibly south-central North Dakota. The soil is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: McPherson County, South Dakota, 2/80.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of about 12inches. (Ap and Bt1 horizons)
Argillic horizon - the zone from about 8 to 24 inches. (Bt, Bt2, Bt3, and 2Bt4 horizons)