LOCATION GROVENA SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Udic Haplustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Grovena loam - on a 4 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated).
Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 10 inches)
Bw1--8 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; hard, friable; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bw2--14 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and coarse subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
Bw3--20 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; hard; friable; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bw4--28 to 35 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; hard, friable; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combine thickness of the Bw horizons is 16 to 45 inches.)
Bk--35 to 42 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) silt loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; common fine prominent gray (10YR 6/1) and very dark brown (10YR 2/2) mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine accumulations of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
C--42 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) loam with a few strata of sandy loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; common fine prominent very dark brown (10YR 2/2) mottles; massive; slightly hard, very friable; few fine accumulations of calcium carbonate; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Moody County, South Dakota; about 2 miles south of Flandreau; 365 feet east and 130 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 34, T. 107 N., R. 48 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to free calcium carbonate ranges from 30 to 48 inches. The thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 8 to 20 inches. The clay content in the control section averages 18 to 27 percent.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is loam or silt loam. It is moderately acid or slightly acid.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6 and 3 to 5 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It typically is loam or silt loam with thin layers of fine sandy loam, sandy loam, silty clay loam or clay loam in some pedons. It is slightly acid or neutral.
The Bk horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7 and 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam or silt loam and is stratified with fine sandy loam and sandy loam in some pedons. It has up to 5 percent by volume pebbles. It is slightly or moderately alkaline.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 8 and 4 to 6 moist and chroma of 2 to 4. It typically is stratified loam or silt loam but in some pedons is fine sandy loam or sandy loam. It has up to 5 percent by volume pebbles. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Some pedons have loamy glacial till or sandy material below a depth of 40 inches.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Flandreau, Germantown, and the Ves series. Similar soils are the Clarno, Hand, and Henkin series. Flandreau soils grade to sandy material within a depth of 40 inches. Germantown soils have quartzite bedrock within a depth of 40 inches. Ves soils contain 2 to 8 percent coarse fragments which are dominantly shale, typically have free carbonates at depths of less than 30 inches and formed in glacial till. Clarno and Hand soils have carbonates within a depth of 26 inches and formed in glacial sediments. Henkin soils are in a coarse-loamy family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Grovena soils are on nearly level to moderately sloping uplands. Slopes are plane and convex and range from 0 to 15 percent. They formed in loamy eolian materials. Mean annual temperature ranges from about 45 to 47 degrees F, and annual precipitation is 23 to 25 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Flandreau and Henkin soils and the Kranzburg, Maddock, and Moody soils. Flandreau, Henkin and Maddock soils typically are on slightly higher side slopes and ridges and some are on similar landscapes. Maddock soils are in the sandy family. Kranzburg and Moody soils are on slightly lower landscapes. Kranzburg and Moody soils are in the fine-silty family. In addition, Kranzburg soils are underlain by glacial till within a depth of 40 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is low or medium. Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated to corn, soybeans, small grain, and hay. Native grasses are big bluestem, little bluestem, needlegrasses, indiangrass, sideoats grama, and forbs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeastern South Dakota. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Moody County, South Dakota, 1985.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of about 14 inches (Ap, Bw1 horizon); cambic horizon - the zone from about 14 to 35 inches (Bw2, Bw3, Bw4 horizon).