LOCATION GUMDALE TNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, thermic Aquic Fraglossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Gumdale loam - cropland. (Colors are for moist)
Ap1--0 to 6 inch; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate medium granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; many fine and medium tubular pores; common fine and medium very dark gray (10YR 3/1) iron and manganese concretions; common medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Ap2--6 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; strong coarse granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; many fine and medium tubular pores;common fine and medium very dark gray (10YR 3/1) manganese and iron concretions; common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; common fine and medium dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) soft masses as iron accumulations; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
Bt--10 to 18 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; common fine tubular pores; few fine faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay films in root channels and in pores; common medium and coarse rounded very dark gray (10YR 3/1) iron and manganese concretions; common medium distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses as iron accumulations; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (12 to 20 inches thick)
B/E--18 to 31 inches; 65 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam (B part); weak very coarse prismatic parting to weak subangular blocky structure; firm; very few very fine roots between prisms; many fine discontinuous tubular pores; few faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay films on prism faces and in pores; 35 percent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) loam as vertical seams 30 to 100 mm in width (E part); weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots in vertical seam; few fine tubular pores; common fine and medium strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and very dark gray (10YR 3/1) iron and manganese concretions; many medium and coarse medium distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in vertical seams and on secondary peds; common medium and coarse olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) soft masses as iron accumulation; brittle in 65 percent of the mass; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (3 to 15 inches thick)
Btx1--31 to 40 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; very firm; very few very fine roots in vertical seams between prisms; many fine discontinuous pores; few fine prominent brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on prism faces; common coarse prominent brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam and loam coatings as vertical seams between prisms; common medium and coarse very dark gray (10YR 3/1) soft accumulations and stains of iron and manganese on prism faces; few mica flakes throughout; brittle in 80 percent of the mass; strongly acid; gradual irregular bounday.
Btx2--40 to 67 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay loam, weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and coarse subangular blocky ; very firm ; very few very fine roots in vertical seams between prisms; many fine discontinuous tubular pores; few distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of prisms and in pores; common coarse and medium prominent brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam and loam coatings on prism faces and in vertical seams; common coarse pale brown (10YR 6/3) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions on faces of prisms; few mica flakes throughout; brittle in 90 percent of the mass; slightly acid; diffuse irregular boundary.
Btx3--67 to 79 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay loam, weak extremely coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and coarse subangular blocky ; very firm ; very few very fine roots in vertical seams between prisms; many fine discontinuous tubular pores; few distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of prisms and in pores; common coarse and medium prominent brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam and loam coatings on prism faces and in vertical seams; common coarse pale brown (10YR 6/3) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions on faces of prisms; few mica flakes throughout; brittle in 100 percent of the mass; slightly acid. (combined thickness is 20 to 50 inches or more)
TYPE LOCATION: Perry County, Tennessee; 20.5 miles southwest of Linden, Tennessee' 8.8 miles southwest of the intersection of TN Highway 128 and Cedar Creek Road, i.8 miles southwest of the intersection of Culps Bend Road and Lafferty Cemetary Road, 1.3 miles southwest of the intersection of Lafferty Cemetary Road and Hardin Bottom Road, 0.5 miles southeast of the end of Hardin Bottom Road in swale in cropfield. USGS Quad: Bath Springs; latitude: 35/26/5.5N, longitude: 88/01/48W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Depth to the fragipan ranges from 20 to 36 inches. Reaction ranges from strongly to very strongly acid in the horizons above the fragipan and from strongly acid to moderately acid in the Btx horizon. Some pedons have less than 5 percent rounded gravel in the pedon.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is silt loam or loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. The horizon has few to many redoximorphic features as iron depletions of chroma of 2 or less. Texture is loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam.
The B/E horizon; in the B part has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. The E part has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 4 or less. Common to many redoximorphic features are in shades of brown and gray. Texture is loam, clay loam, or silt loam.
The Btx horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. The horizon has common to many redoximorphic features in shades of gray and brown. Texture is loam or clay loam.
COMPETING SERIES: Gumdale is the only series in this family. Soils in similar families are the Hatchie, Necessity, Bude, Freeland, and Busseltown series. Busseltown and Freeland do not have redoximorphic features in the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon. The Necessity and Bude series has a fine-silty particle size control section. Hatchie soils are very similar but it has a fine-silty particle size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Gumdale soils are on nearly level stream terraces. These soils formed in loamy alluvium. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. Near the type location, average annual temperature is about 57.5 degrees F., and average annual precipitation is about 55.1 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: : These are the Paden, Pickwick, Wolftever, Beason, Staser, Ellisville, Arrington, and Busseltown soils. The Paden, Pickwick, and Busseltown soils are on higher positions on stream terraces. The Ellisville, Staser, and Arrington soils are on flood plains. The Wolftever and Beason soils are in similar locations on stream terraces but have a fine-textured control section and no fragipan.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained; slow runoff; slow or very slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: About two-thirds of the acreage is cleared and used chiefly for growing pasture, hay, soybeans, and some corn. The native vegetation is hardwood forest of maple, elm, water oak, post oak, gum, beech, sycamore, and cottonwood.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Highland Rim of Tennessee, and possibly northern Alabama, Arkansas, and Western Kentucky. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Perry County, Tennessee; 2001.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - 0 to 10 inches (Ap horizons)
Argillic horizon - 10 to 79 inches (Bt,B/E, Btx)
Glossic horizon - 18 to 31 inches (B/E horizon)
Fragipan - 31 to 79 inches (Btx1, Btx2, Btx3 horizons)