LOCATION HAIKU HI

Established Series
Rev. CWS/SN/HI/JVP/MRK
09/2020

HAIKU SERIES

The Haiku series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in material weathered from basic igneous rock and influenced by tropospheric dust. Haiku soils are on uplands and have slopes of 3 to 15 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 1,564 millimeters (62 inches), and the mean annual temperature is about 22 degrees C. (72 degrees F.).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Very-fine, ferritic, isohyperthermic Ustic Palehumults

TYPICAL PEDON: Haiku clay--pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted. Textures are apparent field textures.)

Ap1--0 to 18 centimeters (0 to 7 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) dry; strong fine and very fine angular blocky structure parting to strong medium and fine granular structure; slightly hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many fine roots; many fine and few coarse pores; many very fine glistening specks; common sand size aggregates that are resistant to crushing; common worm casts; high bulk density; very strongly acid (pH 4.7) gradual wavy boundary. (20 to 25 centimeters thick)

Ap2--18 to 36 centimeters (7 to 14 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) dry; strong fine and very fine angular blocky structure parting to strong medium and fine granular structure; slightly hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common fine roots; common fine and medium pores; many very fine glistening specs; common sand size aggregates that are resistant to crushing; common worm coats; high bulk density; thin massive layer near base; very strongly acid (pH 4.8); abrupt wavy boundary. (15 to 25 centimeters thick)

Bt1--36 to 56 centimeters (14 to 22 inches); yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) dry; weak and moderate fine and very fine angular blocky structure; soft, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few roots; many fine and medium pores; few distinct clay films on all faces of peds; few sand size aggregates that are resistant to crushing; extremely acid (pH 4.4); gradual wavy boundary. (13 to 23 centimeters thick)

Bt2--56 to 79 centimeters (22 to 31 inches); dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) moist and dry clay; moderate fine and very fine angular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; many fine pores; few distinct clay films on all face of peds; common sand size aggregates that are resistant to crushing; few gravel size gibbsite nodules; very strongly acid (pH 4.5); gradual wavy boundary. (20 to 25 centimeters thick)

Bt3--79 to 99 centimeters (31 to 39 inches); dark red (2.5YR 3/6) moist and dry clay; moderate and strong medium and fine angular parting to subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; many fine and medium pores; few distinct clay films on all face of peds; many pebble size gibbsite nodules; very strongly acid (pH 4.5) gradual wavy boundary. (23 to 28 centimeters thick)

BC--99 to 114 centimeters (39 to 45 inches); dark red (2.5YR 3/6) and reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silty clay, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) dry; weak medium and fine subangular parting to angular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; many fine pores; few distinct clay films on all face of peds; 60 to 80 percent of very dark brown (10YR 2/2) highly weathered basic igneous rock easily cut with knife; very strongly acid (pH 4.6); gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 31 centimeters thick)

C--114 to 168 centimeters (45 to 66 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) and dark brown (10YR 3/3) highly weathered basalt that textures silty clay; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) continuous thick coatings that look like oxide coatings on rock surfaces, very little soil material in the voids; very strongly acid (pH 4.8).

TYPE LOCATION: Island of Maui, Maui County, Hawaii; 150 feet west of Ulumalu Road and 0.9 mile south of Ulumalu Village, and 150 feet west of telephone pole number 81; Haiku Quadrangle; lat. 20 degrees 54 minutes 04 seconds N. and long. 156 degrees 17 minutes 36 seconds W. (WGS84datum).

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of solum is more than 102 centimeters (40 inches). Some profiles mapped as Haiku have Kandic properties in lower horizons.

The A horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4 moist or 3 through 6 dry, and chroma of 3 or 4 moist or 4 through 6 dry. It is silty clay or clay. It has very fine angular blocky structure or strong medium or fine granular structure. It is friable. It ranges from pH 4.7 to 4.8.
The Bt horizon has hue of 5YR or 2.5YR, value of 3 or 4 moist or dry, and chroma of 3 through 6 moist or 3 through 8 dry. It is clay. It has weak or moderate fine and very fine angular blocky structure and is friable. It ranges from pH 4.4 to 4.6.

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Haiku soils are on low elevation hillslopes. Slopes range from 3 to 15 percent. The soils formed in residuum from basic igneous rocks. Elevations range from 70 to 282 meters (228 to 925 feet). Mean annual precipitation is 1,333 to 1,846 millimeters (52 to 73 inches). Mean annual temperature is about 22 degrees C. (72 degrees F.), average January temperature is 20 degrees C. (68 degrees F.), and average July temperature is 23 degrees C. (73 degrees F.)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Makawao and Pauwela soils and the Paia soils. Paia soils lack gibbsite nodules and an argillic horizon.

DRAINAGE ANDSATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for pasture and small acreage is in pineapple. The naural vegetation is bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), californiagrass (Panicum purpurascens), guava (Psidium guajava), Japanese tea (Cassia leschenaultiana), lantana (Lantana camara), and ricegrass (Paspalum orbiculare).

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Island of Maui, Maui County, Hawaii. This series is inextensive comprising 5,200 acres.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: DAVIS, CALIFORNIA.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Island of Maui, Maui County, Hawaii, 1949.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon- the zone from the surface to 36 cm (Ap1 and Ap2 horizons).
Argillic horizons- the zone from a depth of 36 cm to 99 cm (Bt1, Bt2, and Bt3 horizons).

Some profiles mapped as Haiku have Kandic properties in lower horizons.

FCC Classification: Cdehi; more than 60 percent Al saturation in lower part of upper 50 cm in some pedon; few areas low in inherent K.

Edit Log: 12/03 SN. Horizon designations updated; added tropospheric dust;8/00 SN. Classification changed from Clayey, ferritic isohyperthermic Humic Tropohumults due to changes in Taxonomy.

11/19 JVP. Horizon designations, taxonomic class and range of characteristic updated.

ADDITIONAL DATA: This pedon was sampled and characterized by the National Soil Survey Laboratory (NSSL) (Pedon ID S1962HI009041).

Haiku NSSL sample S62HI-004-001 and Haiku Taxajunct S62HI-004-001 in SSIR 29; University of Hawaii NifTAL samples S84HA-4-1 and S84HA-4-3.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.