LOCATION PAUWELA HIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Very-fine, ferruginous, isohyperthermic Ustic Kanhaplohumults
TYPICAL PEDON: Pauwela clay - pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted. All textures are "apparent field textures.")
Ap1--0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5YR 4/2) clay, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; many fine roots; many fine pores; common sand size particles that are resistant to crushing; many very fine glistening specks; high bulk density; few yellowish red (5YR 4/6) particles from upper part of the B horizon; slight effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; very strongly acid (pH 4.8); clear wavy boundary. (4 to 7 inches thick)
Ap2--6 to 12 inches; same as above, except few small pockets of very dark brown (10YR 2/2) and black (10YR 2/1) massive heavy mineral concentration; extremely acid (pH 4.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 7 inches thick)
B21t--12 to 17 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) dry; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, sticky and plastic; few fine roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; many sand-size particles that are resistant to crushing; moderately thick patchy clay films; slight effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; extremely acid (pH 4.2); gradual wavy boundary. (4 to 6 inches thick)
B22t--17 to 25 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) dry; strong fine and very fine angular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; more compact than B21t horizon; few very fine roots; common fine and few medium tubular pores; nearly continuous moderately thick clay films; common very fine yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) crumbs on some peds; common sand-size particles that are resistant to crushing; few yellowish red sheets 2 to 10 mm thick; slight effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; very strongly acid (pH 4.7); clear wavy boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
B23t--25 to 33 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) dry; strong very fine and fine angular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; nearly continuous moderately thick clay films; common very fine yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) crumbs on some peds; common sand-size particles that are resistant to crushing; few fine very dark brown (10YR Z/2) pebbles of weathered basic igneous rocks; few 1/4 to 1-1/4 inches thick yellowish red (5YR 4/6) silty clay sheets that have weak subangular blocky structure and a few roots matted on surface; slight effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; very strongly acid (pH 4.8); gradual wavy boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
C1--33 to 42 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) silty clay, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) and yellowish red (5YR 5/6) dry; moderate fine and very fine subangular and angular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 70 to 90 percent by volume of very dark brown (10YR 2/2) highly weathered basic igneous rock; few veins and sheets of soft gibbsite 1/16 to 1/4 inch thick; slight effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; very strongly acid (pH 4.8); gradual wavy boundary. (7 to 12 inches thick)
C2--42 to 54 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) dry; weak fine and very fine subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine tubular pores; 80 to 95 percent by volume of highly weathered basic igneous rock; common veins of soft gibbsite 1/16 to 1/4 inch thick; very strongly acid (pH 4.9).
TYPE LOCATION: Island of Maui, Maui County, Hawaii; Haiku Quadrangle - 20 degrees 55' 26" north and 156 degrees 15' 24" west; 200 feet east of road and 400 feet north of State Highway 36; about 0.4 mile east of Peahi Reservoir.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to soft, highly weathered rock ranges from 40 to more than 60 inches. Mean annual soil temperature is about 72 degrees F. The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4 moist and chroma of 2 through 4 dry. The B horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4 moist, 4 through 6 dry, and chroma of 3 through 5 moist, 4 through 6 dry. It is silty clay or clay.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Haiku, Honolua, Kalapa, Makawao, and Paumalu series. Haiku soils have 7.5YR or redder hue in the A horizon and thin patchy clay films in the argillic horizon. Honolua soils have 7.5YR or redder hue in the A horizon, and thick patchy clay films in the upper part of the argillic horizon. Makawao and Paumalu soils have 5YR or redder hue in the A horizon and thin clay films in the argillic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Pauwela soils are on uplands at elevations of 150 to 1,500 feet. Slopes range from 3 to 25 percent. The soils formed in residuum from basic igneous rocks. Mean annual temperature is about 77 degrees F.; average January temperature is about 68 degrees F.; average July temperature is 74 degrees F.; and mean annual rainfall is 70 to 120 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Haiku and Makawao soils and the Kailua soils. Kailua soils lack an argillic horizon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow to medium runoff depending on slope; moderately rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for growing pasture and pineapple. The natural vegetation is californiagrass (Panicum purpurascens), guava (Psidium guajava), Japanese tea (Cassia leschenaultfana), and ricegrass (Paspalum orbiculare).
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Island of Maui, Maui County, Hawaii. This series is about 5,700 acres in extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Soil Survey, Territory of Hawaii, 1949.
OSED scanned by SSQA. Last revised by state on 5/78.