LOCATION HANDSHOE                KY

Established Series
JDM/Rev. MDJ
08/2014

HANDSHOE SERIES


TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Dystrudepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Handshoe very channery loam on a 60 percent slope in forest. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated.)

Oi--0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 inches); slightly decomposed hardwood leaf litter; abrupt wavy boundary. 0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 inches) thick

A--5 to 23 cm (2 to 9 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very channery loam; pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many coarse, medium and fine roots; 45 percent sandstone channers; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 3 to 23 cm (1 to 9 inches) thick

E--23 to 41 cm (9 to 16 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very channery loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable common fine and medium roots; few fine tubular imped pores; 35 percent sandstone channers; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. 0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches) thick

Bw1--41 to 86 cm (16 to 34 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) very channery sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; 40 percent sandstone channers and 20 percent sandstone flagstones; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2--86 to 127 cm (34 to 50 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) very channery loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; 45 percent sandstone channers; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw3--127 to 155 cm (50 to 61 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) channery sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; very few very fine roots; 20 percent sandstone channers; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 79 to 191 cm (30 to 75 inches)

BC--155 to 173 (61 to 68 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) very channery sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; very few very fine roots; 45 percent sandstone channers; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

CB--173 to 203 (68 to 80 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) very channery sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; very few very fine roots; 50 percent sandstone channers; very strongly acid. Combined thickness of the BC and CB horizons is 0 to 102 cm (0 to 40 inches)

TYPE LOCATION:
County: Knott
State: Kentucky
USGS Quadrangle: Wayland
Latitude (Decimal Degrees, NAD 83): 37.391766
Longitude (Decimal Degrees, NAD 83): -82.846827
Directions to the pedon: Two miles north of the community of Pippa Passes and 0.8 mile southwest of the confluence of Thornsbury Branch and Caney Creek in a road cut 50 feet north of a gas well

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the top of the Cambic: 03 to 56 cm (1 to 22 inches)
Depth to the base of the Cambic: 18 to 165 cm (7 to 65 Inches)
Solum Thickness: 102 to 203 cm (40 to 80 inches)
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 152 cm (60 inches)
Depth Class: very deep
Rock Fragment content: 05 to 70 percent, by volume, in the A, E, BA, BE and Bw horizons; and 35 to 90 percent in the BC, CB or C horizons
Soil Reaction: slightly acid to extremely acid, except where limed
Other Soil Features: A few pedons have high bulk density in the lower part of the solum or in the substratum resulting from lateral water movement.

Range of Individual Horizons:

A horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 to 5, moist (4 to 6 dry), and chroma of 1 to 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam
Other features-- A few pedons have shown neutral chemical response due to recycling of bases during leaf decomposition

E or BE horizon (if they occur):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam

BE or BA horizons (if they occur):
Color--hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam

Bw horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or rarely, silt loam

BC or CB horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam

C horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction) -- loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Redoximorphic features (if they occur) -- Some pedons have lithochromic mottles and/or redoximorphic features below 40 inches.

COMPETING SERIES:
Bremo soils--are moderately deep to bedrock and formed in residuum in the piedmont region
Cardiff soils--are deep to bedrock and formed in material weathered from hard quartzitic slate, phyllite, or other fine-grained rock in the northern piedmont region
Greenlee soils--formed in colluvium and alluvium derived from materials weathered from felsic to mafic, high-grade metamorphic and igneous rocks such as granite, granite gneiss, mica gneiss, hornblende gneiss, and schist in the southern Appalachian Mountains
Griffinsburg soils--are moderately deep to bedrock and formed in residuum from low-grade metasedimentary rocks such as arkosic metasandstone, meta-arkose and metagraywacke on the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the Northern Piedmont Major Land Resource Area
Konnarock soils-- are moderately deep to bedrock and formed in residuum from rhythmite and tillite in the Blue Ridge Mountains
Northcove soils-- formed in colluvium derived from materials weathered from low-grade metasedimentary rocks such as quartzite, phyllite, metasandstone, metagraywacke, and slate
in the Blue Ridge Mountains (MLRA 130)
Parker soils--formed in residuum derived from granitic gneiss bedrock. They occur on gently sloping to very steep slopes of ridges and hills in the Northern Piedmont; the Northern Appalachian Ridges and Valleys; and the New England and Eastern New York Upland (southern part)
Watt soils--are moderately deep to bedrock and formed in residuum from dark gray or black graphitic rocks on side slopes and ridges in the Piedmont Plateau

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
MLRA(s) using this series: 125
Landscape: Mountains
Landform: Mountain slopes
Geomorphic Component: Mountainflank or Mountainbase
Hillslope Profile Position: side slope or head slope
Parent Material Origin: Sandstone, shale, and siltstone
Parent Material Kind: Colluvium
Slope: 20 to 90 percent
Elevation: 214 to 732 meters (700 to 2400 feet)
Frost-free period: 157 to 210 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 3.8 to 19.3 degrees C. (39 to 68 degrees F.)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 716 to 1392 millimeters (28 to 55 inches)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Cloverlick soils--have humic surface layer characteristics and are located on slopes with cool aspect
Cutshin soils--are in a fine-loamy family, have umbric surface layers, and are located on slopes with cool aspect
Fedscreek soils--are deep and very deep to bedrock and in a coarse-loamy family
Guyandotte soils--have umbric surface layers and are located on slopes with cool aspect
Gilpin soils--are moderately deep to bedrock, have argillic horizons, and are located on interfluves and mountaintops
Highsplint soils--are deep and very deep to bedrock and have higher clay content in the solum
Kimper soils--are in a fine-loamy family, have humic surface layer characteristics, and are located on slopes with cool aspect
Marrowbone soils--are moderately deep to bedrock, in a coarse-loamy family, and are located on mountaintops and ridges
Matewan soils--are moderately deep to bedrock and located on interfluves, nose slopes, crests, and mountaintops
Muskingum soils--are moderately deep to bedrock, in a fine-loamy family, and located on mountaintops and ridges
Rayne soils--are deep to bedrock, in a fine-loamy family, and have argillic horizons
Sharondale soils--have mollic surface layers and high base saturation throughout their profiles
Shelocta soils--are deep and very deep to bedrock, in a fine-loamy family, and have argillic horizons

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well
Index Surface Runoff: medium
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Class: Moderately High
Permeability Class (obsolete): Moderately Rapid
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None

USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Woodland
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--Tall Fescue. Where wooded--mixed hardwoods and a few conifers.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: The Cumberland Plateau and Mountains (MLRA 125) in Kentucky and West Virginia.
Extent: Moderate

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Knott County, Kentucky, 1997

REMARKS:
Handshoe soils were previously mapped as Dekalb, Hazleton, Muskingum, and Berks series.
Revised: 7/98-JDM, DHK; 2/2002-ABJ, DHK
The 2/2001 revision expands the lower slope limit from 20 to 15 percent and changes the MAP from 40 to about 46 inches. Competing series were also revised.
The 4/2005 revision changed the L horizon to an Oi and incorporated this horizon into the series control section.
The 7/2005 revision corrected minor grammatical errors.
The 2014 revision updates all text to semitabular format and converts most data to metric equivalents.
Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 16 inches (Oi, A & E horizons)
Cambic horizon--the zone from 16 to 68 inches (Bw and BC horizons)
Other soil features identified with this pedon:
Series control section--the zone from 10 to 30 inches

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Characterization data is available from the KSSL for the following pedons:
Reference sample S94KY-119-6 (typical pedon).
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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.