LOCATION HAPPYHOLLOW WITentative Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Aeric Epiaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Happyhollow silty clay loam on a 2 percent slope in a forested area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 4 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam; dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate coarse granular structure; firm; many fine, medium and coarse roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 8 inches thick)
Bg--4 to 9 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay; strong medium angular blocky structure; firm; common fine, medium and coarse roots; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 8 inches thick)
Bw--9 to 14 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay; strong medium angular blocky structure; very firm; common fine and medium roots; meany medium distinct brown (7.5YR 5/2) iron depletions; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 14 inches thick)
Bk1--14 to 20 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) stratified clay and silty clay loam; strong medium angular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots; common medium prominent gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; very few prominent white (5YR 8/1) dry, calcium carbonate coatings on faces of peds; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
Bk2--20 to 30 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay; moderate medium roots; common fine prominent gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in root pores; few prominent white (5YR 8/1) dry, calcium carbonate coatings on faces of peds; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Bk3--30 to 44 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak medium angular blocky structure; very firm; few fine and medium roots; few medium prominent gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; few prominent white (5YR 8/1) dry, calcium carbonate coatings on faces of peds; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bk horizons range from 16 to 48 inches thick)
2Ck1--44 to 54 inches; stratified brown (7.5YR 5/3) and pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) silt loam; massive, with many thin horizontal cleavage planes; friable; common prominent white (5YR 8/1) dry, calcium carbonate coatings on cleavage planes; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
2Ck2--54 to 78 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) silt loam; massive, with common thick horizontal cleavage planes; friable; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few prominent white (5YR 8/1) dry, calcium carbonate coatings on cleavage planes; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Bayfield County, Wisconsin; 1570 feet north and 2500 feet west of the southeast corner, sec. 17, T. 50 N., R. 5 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the clayey till or lacustrine material ranges from 40 to 60 inches over the stratified substratum. Reaction in the upper part of the solum ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline, and in the lower part of the solum ranges from slightly acid to moderately alkaline. The substratum is neutral to moderately alkaline. Depth to carbonates ranges from 9 to 23 inches. The weighted average clay content at 10 to 40 inches ranges from 35 to 60 percent. Total rock fragment content is less than 2 percent throughout the profile. Redox features, saturation and aquic conditions occur within 10 inches of the surface at some time in most years.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 and chroma of 1 or 2. It is silt loam, silty clay loam or clay loam. Some pedons have a thin (1 to 4 inch) muck layer in the surface. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral.
A thin Eg horizon may be present in some pedons.
The Bg horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma 1 or 2. It is clay, silty clay loam or clay loam. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
Some pedons have a Bw horizon, with hue of 7.5YR or 5YR, value and chroma of 4 or 5. It is clay, silty clay loam or clay loam. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
The Bk horizon has hue of 5YR or 2.5YR, value of 3 or 4 and chroma of 4. It is clay, silty clay loam or clay loam. Reaction ranges from slightly to strongly alkaline.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 5YR, value of 5 and chroma of 3. It typically has stratified textures of silt loam, very fine sandy loam, loamy very fine sand, loamy fine sand, very fine sand or fine sand, but includes thin lamellae of clay loam or silty clay loam in some pedons. It is neutral to moderately alkaline. Some pedons have a 2Ck horizon with colors and textures similar to those of the 2C horizon.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Pickford series. Pickford soils are not underlain by stratified silty and/or sandy deposits within 60 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Happyhollow series are on nearly level areas and in depressions on lake plains and till plains. These soils formed in clayey glacial till and/or clayey lacustrine deposits modified by wave action over stratified loamy and/or sandy lacustrine deposits. Slope range is 0 to 23 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 28 to 33 inches. Mean annual temperature is about 36 to 40 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Cornucopia (T), Herbster (T), Portwing (T), Pickford (E), Badriver (T), Allendale (E) and Wakeley (E) series. The well drained Cornucopia, moderately well drained Portwing, and somewhat poorly drained Herbster soils are in a drainage catena with Happyhollow soils. The poorly drained Pickford and somewhat poorly drained Badriver soils are on similar landscapes where the clay is thicker than 60 inches. The somewhat poorly drained Allendale and poorly drained Wakeley series occur on similar landscapes but have 20 to 40 inches of 20 to 40 inches of sandy outwash deposits above the clay and lack the silty and sandy substratum.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained and very poorly drained. Runoff is very slow or ponded. Permeability is slow in the clayey deposits and moderate to rapid in the stratified substratum. Happyhollow soils have a perched seasonal water table above the clayey till that ranges from 1 foot above the surface to 1 foot below the surface at some time during the period from September to June in normal years. Happyhollow soils also have at +1 to -1 foot in the clayey deposits and an apparent water table below 40 inches in the stratified substratumsilty and sandy depositsat some time during the same time period in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for wildlife habitat. Some areas are used for cropland or pasture. Native vegetation is black ash, balsam fir, yellow birch, black spruce, red maple, quaking aspen, paper birch, willow, speckled alder and red osier dogwood.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Wisconsin; MLRA 92; this series is of minor extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES PROPOSED: Bayfield County, Wisconsin; 1998. The source of name is Bayfield County Town Road.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon include: Ochric epipedon-0 to 4 inches (A horizon); Cambic horizon-4 to 44 inches (Bg, Bw, Bk1, Bk2, and Bk3 horizons); Episaturation; Happyhollow soils react positively to the alpha, alpha-dipyridyl test; aquic moisture conditions; particle size control section 10 to 40 inchesfrigid temperature regime.
The intense reddish colors inherent in the parent material often mask the redoxomorphic features (color - chroma) and make taxonomic classification difficult. Water table studies in this soil (and it's associated soils) were used to classify this series.