LOCATION HAYES KSEstablished Series
The Hayes series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately rapid over slowly permeable soils that formed in moderately coarse eolian deposits over a buried alluvial soil. These soils are on dunes on paleo-terraces in river valleys of the Great Bend Sand Plains (MLRA 79). Mean annual air temperature is 56 degrees F (13 degrees C), and mean annual precipitation is 29 inches (74 centimeters). Slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Udic Haplustalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Hayes loamy fine sand in a cultivated field. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches (0 to 20 centimeters); pale brown (10YR 6/3), interior, loamy fine sand, brown (10YR 4/3), interior, moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to single grain; soft, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; 8 percent clay; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 19 inches thick; 10 to 49 centimeters)
Bt1--8 to 14 inches (20 to 36 centimeters); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), interior, fine sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), interior, moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; 15 percent clay; few faint patchy clay bridging between sand grains; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt2--14 to 23 inches (36 to 58 centimeters); brown (10YR 5/3), interior, fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3), interior, moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots throughout; 16 percent clay; few faint patchy brown (10YR 4/3), moist, clay films on faces of peds and in pores and few faint patchy clay bridging between sand grains; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--23 to 34 inches (58 to 86 centimeters); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), interior, fine sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), interior, moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots throughout; 16 percent clay; few distinct patchy brown (10YR 4/3), moist, clay films in root channels and/or pores and few faint patchy clay bridging between sand grains; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt4--34 to 42 inches (86 to 107 centimeters); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), interior, fine sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), interior, moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; 13 percent clay; few faint patchy clay bridging between sand grains; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary (combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 7 to 47 inches; 18 to 119 centimeters thick).
2Ab--42 to 47 inches (107 to 119 centimeters); 80 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2), interior, and 20 percent brown (10YR 5/3), interior, fine sandy loam, 80 percent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), interior, and 20 percent brown (10YR 4/3), interior, moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; 14 percent clay; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary (0 to 17 inches thick; 0 to 43 centimeters thick).
2Btb1--47 to 56 inches (119 to 142 centimeters); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), interior, sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), interior, moist; few medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist cylindrical Redoximorphic depletions throughout; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine moderate continuity constricted tubular pores; redoximorphic depletions are in root channels and pores; trace of fine pebbles; 20 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous brown (10YR 4/3), moist, clay films on vertical faces of peds and very few distinct patchy dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), moist, organic coats on vertical faces of peds; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
2Btb2--56 to 69 inches (142 to 175 centimeters); light gray (2.5Y 7/2), interior, silty clay, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2), interior, moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few very fine roots throughout; few very fine low continuity constricted tubular pores; trace of fine pebbles; 42 percent clay; common faint continuous dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2), moist, clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds and few distinct discontinuous pressure faces on vertical and horizontal faces of peds and few prominent discontinuous yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), moist, skeletans on vertical faces of peds; few medium irregular black (10YR 2/1) soft masses of iron-manganese pedogenic between peds; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
2Btb3--69 to 80 inches (175 to 203 centimeters); light gray (2.5Y 7/2), interior, clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), interior, moist; common fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few very fine low continuity constricted tubular pores; trace of fine pebbles; 30 percent clay; few faint discontinuous grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), moist, clay films on vertical faces of peds and few prominent discontinuous brown (10YR 4/3), moist, skeletans on faces of peds and in pores and few prominent patchy dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), moist, organic coats on vertical faces of peds; slightly alkaline (combined thickness of the 2Btb horizon is 8 to 50 inches; 20 to 127 centimeters thick).
TYPE LOCATION: Reno County, Kansas; 5 miles (8 kilometers) north and 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) east of Sylvia; 534 feet (163 meters) north and 1368 feet (417 meters) west of the southeast corner of sec. 24, T. 23 S., R. 10 W. (USGS Alden SE topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 1 minutes 45.8 seconds N. and long. 98 degrees 22 minutes 1.3 seconds W.)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture regime: ustic moisture regime bordering on udic
Soil temperature regime: mesic
Mean annual soil temperature: 56 to 58 degrees F (13 to 14 degrees C).
Particle-size control section: 8 to 17 percent clay
Depth to bedrock: greater than 80 inches (203 centimeters)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 30 to greater than 80 inches (76 to greater than 203 centimeters)
Thickness of the ochric epipedon: 4 to 19 inches (10 to 49 centimeters)
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 (dry) 3 to 5 (moist)
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam, but can also be loamy sand, fine sand, sand, or sandy loam
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6 (dry) 3 to 5 (moist)
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand or loamy sand in the lower part of the Bt and have fine sandy loam or sandy loam lamellae
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline
Ab horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6 (dry) 3 to 4 (moist)
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy fine sand, fine sand, or loam
Redoximorphic features: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline
2Btb horizon:
Hue: typically 2.5Y to 7.5YR, but the range includes 5YR and 5Y
Value: 4 to 7 (dry) 3 to 6 (moist)
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: sandy clay loam, loam, silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay loam
Redoximorphic features: 0 to 30 percent
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Poxmash and Attica series. Attica and Poxmash soils do not have a buried soil.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hayes soils
Parent material: moderately coarse eolian deposits over a buried alluvial soil
Landform: dunes on paleo-terraces
Slopes: 0 to 5 percent
Elevation: 1470 to 1805 feet (448.1 to 550.2 meters)
Mean annual air temperature: 55 to 57 degrees F (13 to 14 degrees C).
Mean annual precipitation: 24 to 35 inches (61 to 89 centimeters)
Wettest months: Mar. - Oct.
Driest months: Nov. - Feb.
Frost-free period: 187 to 225 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Attica, Carbika , Carway , Pratt, Saltcreek , Solvay , Turon and Warnut soils. The Attica soils occur on similar landscape positions. The wetter, poorly drained and fine textured Carbika and loamy textured Warnut soils are in nearby depressions. The wetter, somewhat poorly drained, loamy textured Carway soils are in nearby depressions. Pratt soils are sandy and do not have a buried soil and are on similar landscape positions. Saltcreek soils are fine-loamy and have a mollic epipedon 10 to 19 inches (25 to 49 centimeters) thick and are on similar landscape positions. Solvay soils are somewhat poorly drained and are fine-loamy and occur in interdunes. Turon soils are sandy and occur on similar landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is low. Permeability is moderately rapid in the upper part of the profile and slow or moderately slow in the lower part.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly cultivated; grain sorghum is the principal crop with lesser acreage of wheat and alfalfa.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South Central Kansas. LRR H Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range, MLRA 79 Great Bend Sand Plains. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Reno County, Kansas, 1995
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon: The zone from 0 to 8 inches (0 to 20 centimeters) (Ap)
argillic horizon: The zone from 8 to 42 inches (20 to 107 centimeters) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4)
Keys to Soil Taxonomy: Eighth edition, 1998
ADDITIONAL DATA: This soil was formerly mapped as Pratt or Naron.
Particle size analysis, pH, and organic carbon data was determined on this pedon at Kansas State University (93KS155005). Supporting pedon data:
HAYES SERIES
LRR=H
DATE: 01/10/95
01/10/94 Hayes series established using pedon 93KS155005. RMM., JCW.
12/23/99 Updated Hayes after Reno County final correlation.