LOCATION HEBRON WI

Established Series
Rev. HFG-AAC
01/2011

HEBRON SERIES

The Hebron series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in loamy outwash and in the underlying mostly clayey and silty stratified lacustrine deposits on glacial lake basins and stream terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 762 mm (30 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 9.4 degrees C (49 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Hebron loam - on a south-facing slope of 2 percent in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 209 meters (688 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [13 to 25 cm (5 to 10 inches) thick]

E--18 to 28 cm (7 to 11 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) in upper part grading to brown (10YR 5/3) in lower part, loam; moderate medium platy structure; friable; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 inches) thick]

Bt1--28 to 41 cm (11 to 16 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 inches) thick]

Bt2--41 to 61 cm (16 to 24 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate and strong medium angular blocky and subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds;f peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. [10 to 23 cm (4 to 9 inches) thick]

2Bt3--61 to 74 cm (24 to 29 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky and subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organic stains on faces of peds; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few medium distinct brown(7.5YR 5/2) iron depletions; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [10 to 18 cm (4 to 7 inches) thick]

2C--74 to 152 cm (29 to 60 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silty clay loam with thin (2-15 mm) strata of very fine sandy loam, silt, silt loam, silty clay and clay; massive; friable; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Racine County, Wisconsin; about 4 miles north and 2 miles west of Racine; 698 feet west and 495 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 14, T. 4 N., R. 22 E. USGS Racine North, Wisconsin, topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 48 minutes 45 seconds N., and long. 87 degrees 51 minutes 29 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon and depth to carbonates: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches) but both do not always coincide.
Thickness of the loamy outwash mantle: 51 to 91 cm (20 to 36 inches)
Particle size control section: averages 18 to 35 percent clay, 20 to 50 percent fine sand or coarser
Volume of gravel: 0 to 20 percent in the loamy outwash; underlying lacustrine deposits contain no rock fragments.
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the upper part of the soil; slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the lower part
Redox accumulations and saturation: within a depth of 102 cm ( 40 inches); redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less below the upper 25 cm (10 inches) of the argillic horizon in some pedons

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5, colors of moist value of 3 have value dry of 6 or more
Chroma: 1 or 2.
Texture: loam, sandy loam or silt loam

A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loam, sandy loam or silt loam

E horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam, sandy loam or silt loam

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam or the gravell analogues

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR or 5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: typically silty clay loam but in some pedons it is silty clay and in some pedons it has thin strata of finer or coarser texture
Other features:
In some pedons, a thin, somewhat darker and more clayey horizon (Beta B) is just above the 2C horizon.

2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR or 5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: typically 3 or 4, but in some pedons it is 2.
Texture: typically silt clay loam with thin strata of finer or coarser texture.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bassett, Coggon, Dormont, and Nessel series. None of these series have stratification in the lower part of the series control section and all have rock fragments there. In addition Bassett soils are more than 102 cm (40 inches) deep to carbonates and Coggon and Dormont soils have no carbonates within the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Hebron soils are on glacial lake basins and stream terraces. Slopes are dominantly 2 to 6 percent but the full range is from 0 to 6. These soils formed in a mantle of loamy outwash and in the underlying mostly clayey and silty stratified lacustrine deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 660 to 890 mm (26 to 35 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from about 8.3 to 10.6 degrees C (47 to 51 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Andres, Aztalan, Del Rey, Fox, Ionia, Mosel, and Saylesville soils. Andres, Aztalan, and Mosel soils are somewhat poorly drained and are nearby on nearly level or gently sloping areas. Mosel soils commonly form a drainage sequence with the Hebron soils. In some places, the somewhat poorly drained Del Rey soils and well drained and moderately well drained Saylesville soils are nearby but these soils have finer-textured sola. In nearby areas, where the substratum is stratified sand and gravel, are the well drained Fox and moderately well drained Ionia soils.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff is low or moderate. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second) in the loamy outwash and moderately high (1.41 to 4.23 micrometers per second) in the stratified lacustrine deposits. Permeability is moderate in the loamy outwash and moderately slow in the stratified lacustrine deposits. These soils have a perched seasonal high water table within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches) for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Much of this soil is used for cropland. The main crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Some of the more sloping areas and small isolated areas are in pasture or remain in woodlots. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood forest, mainly of oaks.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 95B and 110 in eastern Wisconsin. These soils are of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Jefferson County, Wisconsin, 1912.

REMARKS: 7/14/04 - A total of 21,406 acres of Hebron soils have been correlated in 10 surveys in Wisconsin. In 5 of these published surveys, representing almost 2/3 of the correlated acres, the typical pedon has redoxomorphic features (Oxyaquic). In the other 5 published surveys, the typical pedon has no redoxomorphic features (Typic). Therefore, this revision redefines Hebron as moderately well drained only and reclassifies it as an Oxyaquic Hapludalf. A new series needs to be set up for the well drained acres (Typic Hapludalf) when these areas are updated.

Also, at least some of the areas correlated as Hebron are formed in loamy outwash over clayey till. This includes at least some of the acreage in the Kenosha-Racine survey and possibly in the Milwaukee-Waukesha, Ozaukee, and Washington surveys. These areas are outside the concept of the Hebron series. They need to be correlated to another (new?) series when these surveys are updated.

Diagnostic horizon and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 inches) (Ap, E ); argillic horizon - 28 to 74 cm (11 to 29 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3 ); other features - albic horizon - 18 to 28 cm (7 to 11 inches) (E); Oxyaquic feature redoxomorphic features and saturation at 61 cm (24 inches).

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.