LOCATION HEDMAN MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Hedman loam, on a slightly concave, less than 1 percent slope in a native pasture at an elevation of 1258 feet MSL. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated).
Ap--0 to 8 inches; black (2.5Y 2.5/1) loam, dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; 1 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary.
A--8 to 11 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; common medium prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) Fe depletions; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; 1 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (combined thickness of A horizons is 7 to 16 inches).
Bkg--11 to 20 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) fine sandy loam; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) Fe concentrations; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; many medium irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate; 3 percent gravel; violently effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear smooth boundary. (6 to 20 inches thick)
Cg1--20 to 32 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine sandy loam; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Fe concentrations; massive; firm; common fine roots; common fine irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate; 5 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 7.9); gradual wavy boundary.
Cg2--32 to 55 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) fine sandy loam; common fine distinct dark gray (2.5Y 4/1), redox depletions and common fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and few fine prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) Fe concentrations; massive; firm; few very fine roots; common fine irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate; 5 percent gravel; violently effervescent; slightly alkaline; (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary.
Cg3--55 to 68 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) fine sandy loam; many fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) Fe concentrations; massive; firm; common fine irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate; 4 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Cg4--68 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) fine sandy loam; common fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) Fe concentrations; massive; firm; common fine irregularly shaped white (10YR 8/1) masses of carbonate; 5 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Polk County, Minnesota, about 1 mile east and 3 miles north of Winger, 300 feet south and 2600 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 1, T. 147 N., R. 42 W. USGS Winger, MN. topographic quadrangle; latitude 47 degrees 35 minutes 7 seconds N. and longitude 95 degrees 57 minutes 1 second W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 16 inches. Depth to free carbonates is 16 inches or less with carbonates at the surface in many pedons. The content of rock fragments ranges from 1 to 10 percent. Total clay content of the series control section can be over 18 percent but is less than 18 percent after subtracting clay size carbonates.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y or is neutral, value of 2 or 3 moist and chroma of 0 to 2 moist. It is loam, fine sandy loam or sandy loam (average clay content is less than 18 percent and sand is 45 to 60 percent).
Some pedons have a thin Bg horizon above the Bkg horizon.
The Bkg horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y or is neutral, value of 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 0 to 2 moist. It is fine sandy loam, loam or sandy loam (average clay content is less than 18 percent and sand is 45 to 60 percent). The calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 15 to 30 percent. Redoximorphic features are in all parts.
The Cg horizons have hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y or N, value of 4 to 7 moist, and chroma of 3 or less moist. They are fine sandy loam, sandy loam or loam (average clay content is less than 18 percent and sand is 45 to 60 percent). The calcium carbonate content equivalent ranges from 10 to 25 percent. Redoximorphic features are in all parts.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Arveson, Percy and Rockwell series. The Arveson and Rockwell soils have sandy C horizons in some part of the series control section. Also, the Arveson soils do not have rock fragments in the series control section. The Percy soils have more thatn 10 percent rock fragments in the upper third of the series control section and has a lithologic discontinuity in the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils are on plane and slightly concave positions on ground morines, end moraines, and lake plains. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. They formed in calcareous, loamy glacial till. The mean annual air temperature is 36 to 43 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is 18 to 24 inches. The frost free period ranges from 90 to 140 days and the elevation ranges from 950 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Brandsvold, Esmond, Fram, Hamre, Heimdal and Onstad soils. Brandsvold soils are on similar landscape positions as Hedman soils but are a fine loamy. The Fram and Onstad soils occupy slightly higher convex positions. Esmond and Heimdal soils occupy the higher elevations and steeper slopes. Hamre soils have a histic epipedon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained and very poorly drained. Runoff is slow or ponded. Permeability is moderate. Depth to seasonal high water table for the poorly drained phase is as high as 0.5 to 1.5 feet at some time from April to July in most years. It is as high as plus 2 to 0.5 feet at some time from April to July for the very poorly drained phase.
USE AND VEGETATION: Much of this soil is cropped to wheat, barley, corn, oats and sunflowers. Some areas are used for hay and pasture. A few areas are not cropped and support a scattered growth of quaking aspen and brush. Original vegetation was tall grass prairie with some encroachment of trees, principally quaking aspen.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Minnesota on the till plain of the Wadena lobe. Moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Polk County, Minnesota, 1996.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon include: Mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of approximately 11 inches (Ap and A horizons); Calcic horizon - the zone from 11 to 20 inches (Bkg horizon); Aquic moisture regime - based upon low chroma below calcic horizon.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to Minnesota Agriculutal Experiment Station Central File Code number 3733 for laboratory results of a similar pedon.