LOCATION HOLDAWAY UTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Petrocalcic Calciaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Holdaway silt loam - cultivated. (colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many fine roots; few fine pores; strongly calcareous, disseminated lime; moderately alkaline (pH 7.9); gradual smooth boundry. (6 to 12 inches thick.)
A--7 to 13 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/2) silt loam; black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak medium granular structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many medium and fine roots; few fine pores; strongly calcareous, disseminated lime; mildly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt wavy boundry. (3 to 6 inches thick.)
Bkg--13 to 20 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; massive; discontinuous weak cementation, friable; few fine roots; few fine and many medium pores; mildly calcareous, lime is disseminated and in flake's; mildly alkaline (pH 7.7); abrupt wavy boundary (4 to 7 inches thick.)
Bkm--20 to 28 inches; gray (2.5Y 6/1) very strongly cemented lime hardpan, very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) moist; massive; extremely hard; few fine roots; many line pores; mildly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 9 inches thick.)
Bkg--28 to 32 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many fine pores; very strongly calcareous, a few lime nodules and some disseminated lime; mildly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 9 inches thick).
Bkm1--32 to 44 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) indurated lime hardpan, upper surface has troweled appearance; dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist; massive; many medium and fine pores; some large lime nodules; moderately alkaline (pH 8.1); abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick.)
Bkm2--44 to 55 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; massive; about 50 percent by volume is indurated lime nodules up to 5 inches in diameter; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt wavy boundary. (7 to 14 inches thick.)
Bkm3--55 to 67 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) indurated lime hardpan, gray (10YR 6/1) moist, many coarse, prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and dark greenish gray (5G 4/1) mottles; massive; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary.
TYPE LOCATION: Utah County, Utah; one-fourth mile west of the Lakeview church, at a point 1,200 feet south and 300 feet east of the NE corner of Sec 33, T. 65, R. 2 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The dark surface horizons (mollic epipedon) are 16 inches or more thick and the calcic horizon begins at depths of 16 inches or less. One or more indurated hardpans are at some depth between 20 and 40 inches. The hardpan layers are 8 to 14 inches thick and contain 36 to 74 percent lime, but the soil above the hardpan contains less than 40 percent lime. Mineralogy of the soil above the hardpan is mixed.
Depth to high water table ranges from 12 to 24 inches. Mean annual soil temperature is between 47 and 50 degrees F. Mean summer soil temperature is 68 to 73 degrees F.
Particle-size control section is sicl, cl or sil with more than 18 percent clay and less than 15 percent sand coarser than very fine sand. Reaction (pH) is 7.4 to 9.0.
The A horizon has 10YR hue, values of 3 through 5 dry and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 1 or 2.
The Bkg horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, values of 4 through 7 dry and 2 through 4 moist, and chromas of 1 through 2.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Holdaway soils are on nearly level low lake terraces. The soils are formed in calcareous lacustrine sediments derived from shale and limestone. They are at elevations of 4,400 to 4,600 feet above sea level. The climate is dry subhumid. The mean annual temperature is 45 to 48 degrees F., the mean summer temperature is 70 F. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 12 to 16 inches. The freeze-free period is 130 to 150 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bramwell, Chipman, Logan and Peteetneet soils. These soils all lack petrocalcic horizons. Bramwell soils lack mollic epipedons, Petreetneet soils are Histosols.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. Runoff is slow or very slow, and permeability is moderately slow above the indurated hardpan.
USE AND VEGETATION: Pasture and where drained, cultivated crops of small grain, corn, sugar beets and pasture. Native vegetation is saltgrass, wiregrass, and sedges.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Known areas are in western Utah, possibly in Nevada and eastern California. The soil is of small extent. MLRA 28A
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Phoenix, Arizona
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Utah County (Central Utah County Soil Survey) Area, Utah, 1967).
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Mollic epipedon - zone of dark colored soil material from the surface to a depth of 13 inches. (Ap and A horizons)
Calcic horizon - zone of carbonate accumulation at depths of 13 to 67 inches. (Bk horizons)
Petrocalcic - calcium carbonate cemented layers at depths of 20 to 28 inches and 32 to 67 inches. (Bkm horizons)
The classification is based on the "Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eighth Edition, 1998". The Holdaway series has not been reviewed in the field since 1967. The water table range needs to be verified in the field.