LOCATION HANSKA MN+IAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Hanska loam, on a plane slope of less than 1 percent, on a glacial outwash plain, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 30 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; about 1 percent rock fragments; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--30 to 48 centimeters; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic stains on surfaces along root channels; about 1 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear irregular boundary. (Combined thickness of A horizon is 25 to 60 centimeters.)
Bg1--48 to 69 centimeters; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic stains on surfaces along root channels; few fine distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) redoximorphic concentrations; about 1 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (15 to 50 centimeters thick)
2Bg2--69 to 97 centimeters; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions, many fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and many fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) redoximorphic concentrations; about 2 percent rock fragments; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 40 centimeters thick)
2Cg1--97 to 122 centimeters; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sand; single grain; loose; many fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) redoximorphic concentrations; about 4 percent rock fragments; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.
2Cg2--122 to 152 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) sand; single grain; loose; about 4 percent rock fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 103-Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Freeborn County, Minnesota subset; about 3 miles southeast of Geneva; located about 700 feet south and 1,000 feet east of the northwest corner of section 29, T. 104 N., R. 20 W.; USGS Ellendale topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 47 minutes 14 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 15 minutes 57 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of mollic epipedon--25 to 60 centimeters
Depth to sandy and gravelly sediments--50 to 100 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--75 to 150 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--8 to 18 percent, the percentage of silt plus twice the percentage of clay exceeds 30 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--45 to 75 percent, less than 85 percent fine sand or very fine sand
Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y or is neutral
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--0 or 1
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Clay content--6 to 18 percent
Sand content--45 to 75 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent, mixed lithology
Reaction--slightly acid to slightly alkaline
Some pedons have carbonates in the upper 25 centimeters
Bg horizon:
Hue--2.5Y or 5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or loam
Clay content--6 to 18 percent
Sand content--50 to 75 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent, mixed lithology
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral
2Bg horizon (when present):
Hue--2.5Y or 5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand or coarse sand
Clay content--2 to 10 percent
Sand content--75 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 15 percent, mixed lithology
Reaction--slightly acid to slightly alkaline
2Cg horizon:
Hue--2.5Y or 5Y
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--sand, coarse sand, gravelly sand, or gravelly coarse sand
Clay content--2 to 10 percent
Sand content--75 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 35 percent, mixed lithology
Reaction--neutral or slightly alkaline
Some pedons have thin, discontinuous sandy loam, loam, or silt loam bands
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Darfur,
Dassel,
Gilford,
Goodell,
Jubilee,
Lyles,
Monon,
Mudgepond,
Overshue,
Toolesboro,
Uniongrove, and
Whitepost series.
Darfur--have more than 85 percent fine sand and very fine sand in the particle-size control section and is stratified in the lower third of the series control section
Dassel--have stratified layers in the series control section
Gilford--have sandy sediments within depths of 75 to 100 centimeters and are in areas that have a mean annual precipitation range of 750 to 1,070 millimeters
Goodell--have a clay content of more than 10 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Jubilee--do not have a cambic horizon and are in areas that have a mean annual precipitation range of 200 to 300 millimeters
Lyles--do not have sandy sediments within a depth of 100 centimeters
Monon--do not have carbonates within a depth of 150 centimeters and have a lithic contact with limestone within a depth of 200 centimeters
Mudgepond--have a rock fragment content of more than 5 percent in the upper third of the series control section and are in areas that have a mean annual precipitation range of 1,070 to 1,320 millimeters
Overshue--have a clay content of more than 10 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Toolesboro--have a matrix hue of 5YR to 10YR in the middle third of the series control section and do not have carbonates within a depth of 150 centimeters
Uniongrove--have a sand content of less than 55 percent in the lower half of the series control section
Whitepost--have a sand content of less than 20 percent in the lower third of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--50 to 100 centimeters of loamy sediments and the underlying sandy glacial outwash or lacustrine sediments of late Wisconsin age
Landform--slightly concave to slightly convex slopes on glacial outwash plains, lake plains and valley trains
Slope--0 to 2 percent
Elevation--300 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--585 to 940 millimeters
Frost free period--155 to 200 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Dickinson,
Fieldon,
Lemond, and
Linder soils.
Dickinson--are at higher landscape positions and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Fieldon--are in landscape positions similar to those of the Hanska soils, do not have rock fragments in the series control section and are calcareous in all parts between depths of 25 and 50 centimeters
Lemond--are at slightly higher landscape positions on low rises or rims of depressions and are calcareous in all parts between depths of 25 and 50 centimeters
Linder--are at slightly higher landscape positions and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 0.6 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--poorly and very poorly drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs at the surface to a depth of 0.3 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--10.00 to 100.00 micrometers per second in the loamy sediments and 100.00 to 705.00 micrometers per second in the underlying sandy outwash
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops include corn, soybeans, small grains, and hay. The native vegetation is big bluestem, western wheatgrass, sedges, blue grama and other species of the tall grass prairie that are tolerant of excessive wetness.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Western lake section and Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103) and Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104)
LRR M; north-central Iowa and south-central Minnesota
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Brown County, Minnesota, 1949.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 48 centimeters (Ap and A horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 48 to 97 centimeters (Bg1 and 2Bg2 horizons);
aquic moisture regime.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.