LOCATION HEYDER MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Glossic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Heyder fine sandy loam with a 4 percent convex slope on a ground moraine at an elevation of 940 feet in a wooded pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine sandy loam; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; about 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 5 inches thick)
E--3 to 18 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam; weak medium platy structure; very friable; about 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to 16 inches thick)
B/A--18 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam (B2); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam (A2) interfingers; weak medium platy structure; friable; about 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 8 inches thick)
Bt1--22 to 32 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; thin patchy dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; thin light gray (10YR 6/1) porous coatings on faces of some peds; about 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--32 to 43 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few thin dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on vertical faces of peds; about 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--43 to 53 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; thin patchy dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on vertical faces of peds; few thin light gray (10YR 6/1) porous coats on faces of some peds; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
C--53 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) sandy loam; massive with a few horizontal cleavage planes; very friable; about 8 percent gravel; slight effervescence; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Anoka County, Minnesota; 70 feet west and 20 feet south of the northeast corner of the SE1/4, sec. 22, T. 33 N., R. 25 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Typically the Heyder soils contain 2 to 10 percent rock fragments of mixed lithology. The amount of rock fragments in the A horizon and in the upper part of the B horizon commonly is less than in the lower part of the B horizon and in the C horizon. In some pedons, part or all of the A and upper B horizons do not have coarse fragments. A few scattered cobbles and boulders are on or near the surface in some pedons.
The A1 horizon has 10YR hue, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It has weak or moderate granular structure. Where cultivated, part to all of the E horizon is mixed into the Ap horizon.
The E horizon has 10YR hue, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2. It has weak, granular or platy structure. The A horizon typically is sandy loam or fine sandy loam, but loamy sand and loamy fine sand are included in the range. The sand fraction is dominated by medium and fine sand. The A horizon is friable or very friable and is slightly acid or neutral. The E horizon interfingers into the upper part of the B horizon as grayish porous coatings on peds or as 2 to 15 mm wide extensions, or both.
The upper part of the Bt horizon typically has 10YR hue, and less commonly 7.5YR hue and the lower part has 2.5Y or 10YR hue, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 3 or 4. It is sandy loam or fine sandy loam, but subhorizons may be loamy fine sand, loamy sand, sandy clay loam or loam. The Bt horizon averages between 10 and 18 percent clay, 60 to 80 percent sand, and 10 to 25 percent coarse sand or coarser. The Bt horizon has weak or moderate subangular blocky structure. It is mostly friable but ranges to firm in some subhorizons. The main part of the Bt horizon is slightly or moderately acid. Clay films range from patchy to continuous and thin to moderately thick and have value and chroma of 2 to 4.
The C horizon has 10YR or 2.5Y hue, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It may contain some mottles. The C horizon is sandy loam, loam high in content of sand. Thin discontinuous coarser textured strata and pockets are common. The C horizon is friable or very friable and is neutral or slightly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Balmlake, Bergkeller, Cunard, Emmet, Flak, Milaca, Nadeau, Oconto, Omena, Sanburn and Sugarbush series. Balmlake, Cunard, Flak, Milaca, Oconto, and Omena soils have 60 percent or less fine sand or coarser in the argillic horizon. Bergkeller soils have more than 10 percent rock fragments in the argillic horizon. Emmet soils have a reaction of neutral or higher in the argillic horizon. Nadeau soils, in addition to Bergkeller, Oconto, Omena, and Sanburn, have sand and gravel below the argillic horizon. Sugarbush soils have 30 percent or more coarse sand or coarser in the argillic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have convex slopes on gently undulating ground moraines to steeply sloping terminal moraines. Slope gradients range from 2 to 35 percent. These soils formed primarily in neutral or slightly alkaline (slightly calcareous) loamy till primarily in the Grantsburg and St. Louis sublobes of the Des Moines lobe, Late Wisconsin glaciation. Mean annual temperature ranges from 40 to 45 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 24 to 28 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Heyder soils commonly are the dominant soil on the landscape. The primary associates are the moderately well drained Growton and the somewhat poorly and poorly drained Nowen soils which formed in similar materials.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is medium or rapid. Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: The less sloping areas in the southern part of the range of the series commonly are cropped to corn, soybeans, small grains, and hay. The remainder is in pasture or forest. Native vegetation is deciduous forest or mixed deciduous-coniferous forest. Major trees are oaks, sugar maple and basswood.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and north-central Minnesota. Moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hennepin County, Minnesota, 1969.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 18 inches (A & E horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from 18 to 43 inches; udic moisture regime.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to MAES Central File Code No. 1340 for results of some laboratory analysis of the typifying pedon.