LOCATION NADEAU MI+WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Nadeau fine sandy loam on a 4 percent slope in a forested area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oe--2 to 0 inches; black (10YR 2/1) partially decomposed leaf litter. (0 to 3 inches thick)
A--0 to 3 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) fine sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 5 inches thick)
Bt1--3 to 15 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; 8 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 14 inches thick)
2Bt2--15 to 19 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) very gravelly sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; few faint reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; 44 percent gravel and cobbles; slightly effervescent; mildly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 6 inches thick)
2BC--19 to 30 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly sand; single grain; loose; common fine roots; 56 percent gravel and cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
2C--30 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; 60 percent gravel and cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Menominee County, Michigan; about 4 miles west and 1 mile north of Stephenson; 1900 feet south and 2300 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 18, T. 35 N., R. 27 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 10 to 40 inches. Reaction of the solum ranges from medium acid to moderately alkaline. Volume of gravel range from 0 to 35 percent in the A and Bt1 horizons and from 35 to 60 percent in the 2Bt, 2BC, and 2C horizons. Volume of coarse fragments over 3 inches range from 0 to 10 percent in the A and E horizons and from 5 to 30 percent in the 2Bt, 2BC, and 2C horizons. The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 to 3, or it is N 2/0, N 3/0, or N 4/0. Where present, the Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 to 3.
Some pedons have E horizons. Where present, it has hue of 7.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. The A, Ap, and E horizons are sandy loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or gravelly analogues of these textures.
Some pedons have Bw horizons up to 12 inches thick with colors similar to he Bt1 horizon and textures similar to the A and E horizons.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or gravelly analogues of these textures.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is very gravelly fine sandy loam, very gravelly loam, or very gravelly sandy loam.
The 2BC horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 or 5; and chroma of 3 to 6. It is very gravelly sand, very gravelly coarse sand, or very gravelly loamy sand.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is very gravelly coarse sand, very gravelly loamy sand, or very gravelly sand. Some pedons have sand layers present. Stratification is common.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Balmlake, Cunard, Emmet, Flak, Heyder, Milaca, Oconto, and Omena series in the same family and the Kiva series. Balmlake, Emmet, Flak, Heyder, Oconto, and Omena soils have fewer coarse fragments in the lower part of the profile. In addition, Emmet, Heyder, and Omena soils developed in sandy loam or loamy sand glacial till. Cunard soils have limestone bedrock above depths of 40 inches. Kiva soils have spodic horizons and have fewer coarse fragments in the control section. Milaca soils have very firm till within depths of 20 to 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils are on stream terraces, glacial outwash plains, eskers, and kames. Slope gradients are typically 0 to 12 percent but range from 0 to 45 percent. Nadeau soils formed in glaciofluvial deposits consisting of 10 to 20 inches of loamy deposits overlying stratified sand and gravel. Mean annual temperature is estimated to range from 41 to 45 degrees F, and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 32 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the excessively drained Alpena soils and the somewhat excessively drained Mancelona soils that are on similar landscapes. The poorly drained Minocqua soils are on lower depressional areas.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is slow on the nearly level slopes and rapid on the steeper slopes. Permeability is moderate in the solum and very rapid in the underlying material.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are in woodland. Where the soils are used for cropland, corn, small grain, hay, and pasture are the main corps. The native vegetation was chiefly northern hardwoods, with some eastern white pine and balsam fir.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Upper Peninsula of Michigan and possibly northeastern Wisconsin. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Menominee County, Michigan, 1985.
REMARKS: For data on representative pedon refer to Michigan Technological University, pedon S79MI-109-2; Sample Nos. 79P 279-283.
Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon are : ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 3 inches (A horizon); argillic horizon - the zone from 3 to 19 inches (Bt1 and 2Bt2).