LOCATION JOHNSWOOD MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, semiactive, frigid Oxyaquic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Johnswood very stony loam on a 4 percent slope in a forested area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 2 inches; black (10YR 2/1) very stony loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; many fine to coarse roots; about 5 percent gravel, l0 percent cobbles, and 20 percent stones; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (2 to 7 inches thick)
A/B--2 to 5 inches black (10YR 2/1)(A), dark brown (7.5YR 4/4)(B) cobbly loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; about 5 percent gravel and 15 percent cobbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
Bt1--5 to 13 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) very cobbly loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent gravel and 32 percent cobbles; slightly alkaline; clear irregular boundary.
Bt2--13 to 16 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) very gravelly fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; few faint dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) iron accumulations throughout; common fine and medium roots; about 30 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; slightly alkaline; clear irregular boundary. (The combined thickness of the Bt horizons ranges from 6 to 15 inches.)
Cd--16 to 60 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) very gravelly fine sandy loam; massive; firm; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron accumulations throughout; about 30 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Menominee County, Michigan; about 13 miles east of Daggett; 2000 feet south and 1000 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 36, T. 36 N., R. 25 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum and depth to free carbonates is typically 12 to 18 inches and ranges from 10 to 20 inches. Rock fragments range from 15 to 35 percent in the A and A/B horizon, and 35 to 70 in the remainder of the pedon. Volume of gravel ranges from 5 to 15 percent in the A and A/B horizons and from 5 to 25 percent in the remainder of the pedon. Cobbles and flagstones range from 15 to 35 percent in the A and A/B horizons and from 5 to 25 percent in the remainder of the pedon.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is the cobbly, flaggy, or very flaggy analogues of loam, silt loam or sandy loam. Reaction rages from slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
Some pedons have E horizons. Where present, they have hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. They are the cobbly, flaggy or very flaggy analogues of sandy loam or loam. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
The Bt horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is the very cobbly, extremely cobbly, very flaggy, extremely flaggy gravelly or very gravelly analogues of loam, clay loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
The Cd horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is the very gravelly, extremely gravelly very cobbly, extremely cobbly, very flaggy, or extremely flaggy analogues of sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam. Reaction is moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Johnswood soils are on ground moraines and glacial lake benches. These glacial deposits are generally considered to have been covered with water of glacial lakes during Late Wisconsinan glaciation. Slopes range from 2 to 12 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 31 inches, and mean annual temperature ranges from 42 to 45 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Detour, Hessel, Longrie, Onaway and Summerville series. The somewhat poorly drained Detour soils and the poorly drained or very poorly drained Hessel soils are in lower landscape positions and form a drainage sequence with the Johnswood soils. Longrie and Summerville soils are underlain by limestone bedrock at a depth of less than 40 inches. The Onaway soils are on moraines and drumlins of older Wisconsinan Age glacial deposits and have less coarse fragments throughout.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. This soil has a perched seasonal high water table that ranges from 1 to 2 feet below the surface at times during the period from October to May. Surface runoff is moderate or moderately rapid depending upon slope. Permeability is slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: The major part is in second growth forest of sugar maple, paper birch, balsam fir, American basswood, white ash, American beech and Eastern hemlock. A smaller part is used for pasture.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Lower Peninsula and Upper Peninsula of Michigan, generally close to the Great Lakes. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Chippewa County, Michigan, 1927.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface to 5 inches (A1 and A/B horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from 5 to 16 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons); oxyaquic feature - the soil is saturated within 40 inches of the surface for one month or longer in 6 out of 10 years.
Areas with bedrock from 40 to 60 inches are no longer within the concept of the Johnswood Series.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record No.: MI0146