LOCATION JUDSON IA+KS MN MO NE WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Judson silty clay loam, on a south-facing slope of 4 percent, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 23 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) kneaded; weak medium granular structure, friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A1--23 to 38 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) kneaded; weak fine granular and weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
A2--38 to 56 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) kneaded; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 50 to 75 centimeters.)
AB--56 to 71 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) kneaded; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many tubular pores; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (10 to 25 centimeters thick)
Bt--71 to 89 centimeters; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) kneaded; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many tubular pores; common very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organoargillans on faces of peds; very few clay films; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (15 to 100 centimeters thick)
BC--89 to 132 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) kneaded; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many tubular pores; few very dark gray (10YR 3/1) stains on root channels; few fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (15 to 50 centimeters thick)
C--132 to 152 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; massive; friable; few fine dark oxides; few fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 108D-Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift, Western Part, Madison County, Iowa subset; about 7 miles north and 3 miles east of Winterset; located about 2,000 feet south and 300 feet west of the northeast corner of section 33, T. 77 N., R. 27 W.; USGS Saint Charles NW topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 25 minutes 34 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 57 minutes 22 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--80 to 150 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--more than 150 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--30 to 35 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--1 to 10 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand
Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--24 to 32 percent
Sand content--1 to 10 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to neutral
AB horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--2
Texture--silty clay loam
Clay content--27 to 32 percent
Sand content--1 to 10 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Bt or Bw horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 to 5
Texture--silty clay loam
Clay content--30 to 35 percent
Sand content--1 to 10 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Common dark-colored coats on faces of peds
Some pedons have redoximorphic features of low or high chroma within a depth of 75 centimeters
BC horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--25 to 32 percent
Sand content--1 to 10 percent
Reaction--slightly acid to slightly alkaline
Some pedons have common redoximorphic features with chroma range of 1 to 6
C horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--25 to 32 percent
Sand content--1 to 10 percent
Reaction--slightly acid to slightly alkaline
Some pedons have common redoximorphic features with chroma range of 1 to 6
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Allison,
Anthon,
Huntsville,
Ivan,
Kahola,
Kennebec,
Kenridge,
Lindstrom,
Napier,
Rossville,
Sturkie, and
Worthen series.
Allison--have strata with a sand content of more than 10 percent below a depth of 75 centimeters
Anthon--have a sand content of more than 35 percent within a depth of 150 centimeters
Huntsville--have a clay content that averages 18 to 27 percent in the particle-size control section
Ivan--have carbonates within a depth of 25 centimeters
Kahola--have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters
Kennebec--have a clay content that averages 18 to 30 percent in the particle-size control section and have a matrix chroma of 1 or 2 in the throughout the series control section
Kenridge--have a matrix chroma of 2 immediately below the mollic epipedon
Lindstrom--have a clay content that averages 18 to 24 percent in the particle-size control section
Napier--have a clay content that averages 20 to 27 percent in the particle-size control section
Rossville--are in areas with a mean annual air temperature ranges from 11 to 13 degrees C and have a clay content of 12 to 26 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Sturkie--have a clay content that averages less than 30 percent in the particle-size control section
Worthen--have a clay content that averages 15 to 26 percent in the particle-size control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--silty colluvium derived from non-calcareous loess
Landform--foot slopes, upland drainageways, and alluvial fans
Slope--0 to 12 percent
Elevation--155 to 610 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 13 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--585 to 1,040 millimeters
Frost-free period--155 to 220 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Marshall,
Otley,
Sharpsburg, and
Tama soils.
Marshall--are on higher landscape positions and have mollic epipedons that are 25 to 60 centimeters thick
Otley--are on higher landscape positions and have a clay content that averages 36 to 42 percent in the particle-size control section
Sharpsburg--are on higher landscape positions and have a clay content that averages 36 to 42 percent in the particle-size control section
Tama--are on higher landscape positions and have mollic epipedons that are 25 to 50 centimeters thick
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, small grain, and alfalfa or clover. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, indiangrass, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowlands
Physiographic sections--Western lake section, Wisconsin driftless section, and Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Till Plains (102B),
Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103),
Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104),
Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105),
Nebraska and Kansas Loess-Drift Hills (106),
Iowa and Minnesota Loess Hills (107A),
Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills (107B),
Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift, West-Central Part (108C), and
Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift, Western Part (108D)
LRR M; Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Minnesota, and Wisconsin
Extent--large
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Blue Earth County, Minnesota, 1906.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (A1, A2, AB, Bt, and BC horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (Ap, A1, A2, AB, Bt, BC, and C horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 89 centimeters (Ap, A1, A2, AB, and Bt horizons);
cambic horizon-the zone from a depth of 89 to 132 centimeters (BC horizon);
udic moisture regime.
The Bt horizon does not have the 1.2 percent clay increase to meet the requirements of an argillic horizon.
Cation-exchange class is supported by lab sample number S96IA-193-005, NSSL.
Taxonomy version--tenth edition, 2006.
A cherty silt loam phase is mapped in MLRA 105, this soil is considered a fine-loamy taxadjunct of the Judson series.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska, user pedonid number S96IA-193-005, (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).