LOCATION MARSHALL IA+KS MO NE
Established Series
Rev. RID-DJP-AAC
08/2014
MARSHALL SERIES
The Marshall series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in loess. These soils are on interfluves and hill slopes on uplands and on risers and treads on stream terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 25 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 11 degrees C. Mean annual precipitation is about 765 millimeters.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Marshall silty clay loam, on a linear slope of about 1 percent, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 400 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 18 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
A1--18 to 36 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
A2--36 to 56 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 25 to 60 centimeters.)
BA--56 to 69 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 20 centimeters thick)
Bw1--69 to 89 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bw2--89 to 114 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots; few fine rounded dark concretions; common fine faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) relict redoximorphic depletions and few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) relict redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bw3--114 to 150 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots; few fine rounded dark concretions; common fine faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) relict redoximorphic depletions and common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) relict redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 50 to 125 centimeters.)
Bw4--150 to 165 centimeters; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable; few fine roots; many fine rounded dark concretions; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) relict redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 30 centimeters thick)
BC--165 to 180 centimeters; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable; few fine roots; many fine rounded dark concretions; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) relict redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 30 centimeters thick)
C--180 to 203 centimeters; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam; massive; friable; few fine roots; many fine rounded dark concretions; many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) relict redoximorphic concentrations; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 107B-Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills, Cass County, Iowa subset; about 3 miles northwest of Atlantic; located about 1,227 feet west and 245 feet south of the northeast corner of section 34, T. 77 N., R. 37 W.; USGS Atlantic topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 25 minutes 55 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 05 minutes 03 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--25 to 60 centimeters
Depth to relict redoximorphic features--greater than 75 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--greater than 183 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--27 to 35 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--less than 10 percent
Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2, 2 if value of 3
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--25 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
AB or BA horizon (where present):
Hue--10YR
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silty clay loam
Clay content--27 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--moderately acid or slightly acid
Bw horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--silty clay loam
Clay content--27 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--moderately acid or slightly acid
Some pedons have Bt horizons with clay films on vertical faces of peds, but the B/A clay ratio is about 1:1, not meeting the criteria for an argillic horizon
Bw horizon in the lower part(where present):
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silty clay loam
Clay content--27 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--moderately acid or slightly acid
BC (where present) or C horizon:
Hue--10YR to 5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--25 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Annieville,
Biggsville,
Dinsmore,
Exira,
Galva,
Keg,
Monona,
Northboro,
Ponca,
Port Bryon,
Raddle,
Salix, and
Truman series.
Annieville--have a sand content of more than 10 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Biggsville--have an average clay content of less than 27 percent in the particle-size control section
Dinsmore--have a sand content of 35 to 50 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Exira--have redoximorphic features within a depth of 75 centimeters
Galva--have carbonates within a depth of 183 centimeters
Keg--have an average clay content of 18 to 26 percent in the particle-size control section
Monona--have an average clay content of 20 to 27 percent in the particle-size control section
Northboro--have a sand content of more than 20 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Ponca--have carbonates within a depth of 60 centimeters
Port Byron--have an average clay content of 18 to 27 percent in the particle-size control section
Raddle--have an average clay content of 18 to 24 percent in the particle-size control section
Salix--have carbonates within a depth of 90 centimeters
Truman--have carbonates within a depth of 142 centimeters, have an average clay content of 18 to 32 percent in the particle-size control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--fine silty loess
Landform--interfluves and side slopes on uplands and on risers and treads on stream terraces
Slope--0 to 25 percent
Elevation--210 to 475 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--8 to 13 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--760 to 1045 millimeters
Frost-free period--155 to 220 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Exira,
Clarinda,
Judson, and
Shelby soils.
Exira--are at lower landscape positions on side slopes and head slopes and have relict redoximorphic features within a depth of 75 centimeters
Clarinda--are at lower landscape positions on side slopes and head slopes and have an average clay content of 40 to 60 percent in the particle-size control section
Judson--are at lower landscape positions on base slopes and have a mollic epipedon 80 to 150 centimeters thick
Shelby--are at lower landscape positions on side slopes, crests, and narrow interfluves and have an average sand content of 20 to 40 percent in the particle-size control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity-- 1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second
Surface runoff potential--negligible to medium
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grain, clover, and alfalfa. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, indiangrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections-- Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Loess Uplands (102C),
Nebraska and Kansas Loess-Drift Hills (106),
Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills (107), and
Iowa and Missouri Heavy Till Plain (109)
LRR M; western Iowa, eastern Nebraska, northwestern Missouri, and northeastern Kansas
Extent-large
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lyon County, Minnesota, 1903.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (A1, A2, BA, Bw1, and Bw2 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 180 centimeters (Ap, A1, A2, BA, Bw1, Bw2, Bw3, Bw4, and BC horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 56 centimeters (Ap, A1, and A2 horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 56 to 180 centimeters (BA, Bw1, Bw2, Bw3, Bg, BCg horizons);
udic moisture regime.
The gray colors and redoximorphic features are relict features related to a previous deoxidized and leached geological weathering zone. These colors are not indicative of present drainage conditions. These features were not considered in the classification of these soils.
Cation-exchange activity class is supported by lab data pedon user ID number 63IA029001, KSSL.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, eleventh edition, 2010.
The typical pedon has been relocated and described to a depth of 200 centimeters to better represent the typical concept of the series.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska, many pedons (http://ncsslabdatamart.sc.egov.usda.gov/): Many pedons.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.