LOCATION KAAT WA
Established Series
IRD CBM/JMB/SBC
09/2019
KAAT SERIES
Landscape--mountains, plateaus
Landform--mountain slopes, benches
Slope--0 to 90 percent
Parent material--volcanic ash mixed with colluvium derived from basalt
Mean annual precipitation--about 1100 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 6 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--xeric
Soil temperature regime--frigid
Soil moisture subclass--typic
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Humic Vitrixerands
TYPICAL PEDON: Kaat very cobbly ashy sandy loam in an area of forestland, on a 66-percent, southwest-facing slope at an elevation of 960 m (All textures are apparent field textures.)
Oi--0 to 5 cm; forest litter mixed with 1 cm of 1980 Mount St. Helens ash; clear wavy boundary
A1--5 to 10 cm; very cobbly ashy sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; weakly smeary; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; common fine irregular pores; 20 percent gravel, 25 percent cobbles, and 10 percent stones; slightly acid (pH 6.5), NaF pH 9.7; clear wavy boundary
A2--10 to 51 cm; very cobbly ashy sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; weakly smeary; common fine and medium roots; common fine irregular pores; 20 percent gravel, 25 percent cobbles, and 10 percent stones; slightly acid (pH 6.5), NaF pH 10.5; clear wavy boundary
Bw1--51 to 84 cm; very cobbly ashy sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6) moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; weakly smeary; common fine and medium roots; common fine and few medium irregular pores; 20 percent gravel, 25 percent cobbles, and 10 percent stones; slightly acid (pH 6.5), NaF pH 10.5; clear wavy boundary
Bw2--84 to 163 cm; very cobbly ashy sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; weakly smeary; common fine and few medium and coarse roots; common fine irregular pores; 20 percent gravel, 25 percent cobbles, and 10 percent stones; slightly acid (pH 6.1), NaF pH 9.7
TYPE LOCATION: Yakama Nation, Yakima County, Washington, about 14.5 km southwest of Signal Peak Ranger Station; about 790 m north and 60 m west of the southeast corner of section 24, T. 10 N., R. 12 E.; latitude 46.3378764, longitude -121.2503340, datum WGS 84 (coordinates estimated from section, township, and range)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 50 cm--7 to 8 degrees C
Moisture control section--usually moist, but dry in all parts 45 to 60 consecutive days following summer solstice
Less than 2-mm fraction of 5- to 105-cm particle-size control section--estimated moist bulk density of 0.65 to 0.9 g/cm3, glass content of 5 to 30 percent, acid oxalate aluminum plus one-half iron of 2 to 3 percent, and 15-bar water retention of 5 to 12 percent (air-dried samples)
Rock fragment content in particle-size control section--averages 35 to 70 percent throughout; less than 35 percent in upper 20 cm of some pedons
Percentage of surface covered with rock fragments--0 to 15 percent
Oi horizon
Thickness--3 to 8 cm
A horizon
Value--5 or 6 dry (averages 5 where mixed)
Chroma--2 to 4 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Texture--very cobbly ashy sandy loam, very cobbly ashy loamy sand, very gravelly ashy sandy loam, very stony ashy sandy loam
Structure--subangular blocky, granular
Reaction--5.6 to 6.5
Combined thickness--25 to 51 cm
Bw horizon
Hue--7.5YR, 10YR
Value--3 or 4 moist
Chroma--2 to 6 dry or moist
Texture--very cobbly ashy sandy loam, extremely cobbly ashy sandy loam, very cobbly ashy silt loam
Average rock fragment content--35 to 70 percent
Reaction--5.6 to 6.5
Combined thickness--100 to 150 cm or more
COMPETING SERIES:
Badgerwash--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a duripan
Nankwala--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Slickdog--acid oxalate aluminum plus one-half iron of 1 to 2 percent; mollic epipedon
Tumac--dry 60 to 75 days in moisture control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--580 to 1525 m
Climate--warm, dry summers; cool, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation--890 to 1275 mm
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 7 degrees C
Frost-free season--70 to 130 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Fiscus--on plateaus and mountain side slopes; argillic horizon; cryic soil temperature regime
Nank--on mountain benches, plateaus, and side slopes; argillic horizon; ashy over loamy particle-size class
Singh--on mountain benches and side slopes; argillic horizon
Niiptit--on plateaus, ridgetops, and side slopes; argillic horizon; cryic soil temperature regime
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--high
USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--mainly timber production, livestock grazing, wildlife habitat, recreation, and watershed
Vegetation--grand fir, Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, vine maple, California hazel
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East slopes of the Cascade Mountains in south-central Washington; MLRA 6; small extent
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Yakama Nation, Yakima County, Washington; 2014
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon
*Umbric epipedon--zone from 5 to 51 cm
*Andic soil properties--zone from 5 to 163 cm
*Cambic horizon--zone from 51 to 163 cm
*Particle-size control section--zone from 5 to 107 cm
The Kaat series originally was named the Leconte series. K'aat is the Yakama word for steep slope or steep hill.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Partial laboratory data--sample number 62D-24-2, Yakama Nation Soils Laboratory, Toppenish, Washington
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.