LOCATION KANEPUU HI

Established Series
Rev. HHS/RCH/MRK
09/2019

KANEPUU SERIES

The Kanepuu series consists of deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium from basic igneous rock. Kanepuu soils are on alluvial fans and have slope of 3 to 15 percent. Mean annual rainfall is about 635 millimeters (25 inches) and mean annual air temperature is about 21 degrees C. (70 degrees F.)

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, parasesquic, isothermic Pachic Argiustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Kanepuu silty clay - pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted. All textures are "apparent field textures.")

A1--0 to 8 centimeters (0 to 3 inches); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) silty clay, reddish brown (5YR 4/3) dry; strong very fine, fine and medium granular structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many roots; many interstitial pores; violent effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear smooth boundary. (8 to 10 centimeters thick)

A2--8 to 28 centimeters (3 to 11 inches); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist and dry silty clay; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many roots; common very fine tubular pores; moderately high bulk density; violent effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear smooth boundary. (15 to 20 centimeters thick)

Bw1--28 to 38 centimeters (11 to 15 inches); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) silty clay, reddish brown (5YR 4/3) dry; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few roots; many very fine tubular pores; moderately high bulk density; slight effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary. (8 to 10 centimeters thick)

Bw2--38 to 53 centimeters (15 to 21 inches); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) silty clay, reddish brown (5YR 4/3) dry; strong very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; few roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; ped surfaces have a metallic sheen; compact in place; no effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; neutral (pH 7.2); gradual wavy boundary. (13 to 15 centimeters thick)

Bt1--53 to 91 centimeters (21 to 36 inches); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist and dry silty clay; strong very fine and fine angular and subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm, moderately sticky and very plastic; few roots; many very fine tubular pores; ped surfaces have nearly continuous red (2.5YR 4/6) clay films; ped surfaces have metallic sheen; many hard earthy lumps that persist when rubbed; compact in place; slightly acid (pH 6.5); gradual wavy boundary. (38 to 48 centimeters thick)

Bt2--91 to 135 centimeters (36 to 53 inches); dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist and dry silty clay; strong coarse subangular blocky structure parting to strong, very fine and fine angular blocky and subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few roots; many very fine tubular pores; almost continuous red (2.5YR 4/6) clay films on surfaces of peds; many hard earthy lumps that persist when rubbed; compact in place but less than above horizon; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual wavy boundary. (38 to 51 centimeters thick)

Bt3--135 to 155 centimeters (53 to 61 inches); dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist and dry silty clay; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few roots; many very fine tubular pores; common red (2.5YR 4/6) clay films on peds; firm in place; few strongly weathered rock fragments; slightly acid (pH 6.4)

TYPE LOCATION: Island of Lanai, Maui County, Hawaii; 20 degrees 51' 45.31" north latitude and 156 degrees 55' 2.24" west longitude (WGS84 datum), approximately 100 yards west of Highway 44 (Koele-Keomuku road) at a point 2.8 miles north of Lanai City Post Office.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to bedrock is more than 1.8 meters (6 feet). Mean annual soil temperature is about 21 degrees C. (70 degrees F.) The soil is dry in some part between depths of 25 and 102 centimeters (10 and 40 inches) for more than 90 cumulative days in most years. Chroma of the A horizon when moist is 2 or 3. Moderate concentration of heavy minerals occurs in the upper part of the solum. The B horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 through 4 moist and 3 or 4 dry.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Kalae, Kemoo and Puu Opae series in other families. Kalae soils have an ochric epipedon, are strongly acid throughout and have 2.5YR or 10R hue in the argillic horizon. Kemoo soils have 2.5YR or 10R hue in the B horizon. Puu Opae soils are medium to very strongly acid and have 2.5YR or 10R hue throughout the solum.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kanepuu soils are on alluvial fans at elevations ranging from 457 to 610 meters (1,500 to 2,000 feet). Slopes range from 3 to 15 percent. These soils formed in old alluvium from basic igneous rock. Annual rainfall is 508 to 635 millimeters (20 to 25 inches). Most of the rainfall occurs from November to April. The average January temperature is about 20 degrees c. (68 degrees F.); average July temperature is 23 degrees c. (73 degrees F.) Mean annual temperature is about 21 degrees c. (70 degrees F.)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Koele and Lahaina soils. Koele soils have a stratified control section and lack an argillic horizon. Lahaina soils have 2.5YR or 10R hue in the B horizon and lack an argillic horizon.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; slow to rapid runoff; high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Used for wildlife and pasture. Vegetation is dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum) uhaloa (Waltheria indica), guava (Psidium guajava) and lantana (Lantana camara).

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Island of Lanai, Maui County, Hawaii. This soil is inextensive with a total of about 2,500 acres.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Island of Lanai, Maui County , Hawaii, 1971.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:

Mollic epipedon - 0 to 28 centimeters (A horizon)
Cambic horizon - 28 to 53 centimeters (Bw horizon)
Argillic horizon - 53 to 155 centimeters (bt horizon)

Mapped as Mahana soils in the 1955 Soil Survey of the Territory of Hawaii.

OSED scanned by SSQA. Last revised by state on 8/00.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.