LOCATION KARLSBORG WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey, smectitic, frigid Arenic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Karlsborg sand,on a 4 percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 995 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common very fine and fine roots; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
Bw1--9 to 19 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--19 to 28 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; some evidence of depositional strata; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons ranges from 10 to 30 inches.)
2Bt1--28 to 36 inches; variegated with about 60 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and 40 percent reddish brown (5YR 5/4) clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; very firm; few very fine roots; few fine tubular pores; pressure faces on vertical faces of some peds; few prominent and faint reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common coatings of clean sand grains on vertical faces of peds and in root channels; common fine prominent black (2.5Y 2/1) concretions (iron-manganese oxides); few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bt2--36 to 48 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay with about 10 percent reddish brown (5YR 5/4) clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; very firm; few fine roots; few fine tubular pores; few faint and prominent brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common pressure faces on vertical faces of peds; clean sand grains coating faces of prisms; common fine prominent black (2.5Y 2/1) concretions (iron-manganese oxides); few fine distinct and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation on faces of peds; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizons ranges from 6 to 40 inches.)
3C1--48 to 70 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; single grain; loose; few thin (< 2 mm) strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) lenses of loamy sand and fine sand; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
3C2--70 to 80 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; single grain; loose; slightly acid
TYPE LOCATION: Burnett County, Wisconsin; about 2 miles northeast of Webster; about 580 feet south and 1000 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 3, T. 39 N., R. 16 W; USGS Webster Wis. Quad. latitude 45 degrees 54, minutes, 0 seconds N. and longitude 92 degrees, 19 minutes, 40 seconds W.; NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the sandy mantle ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Depth to the base of the argillic horizon and to the sandy substratum ranges from 26 to 60 inches. Volume of coarse fragments ranges from 0 to 5 percent in the sandy mantle and in the sandy substratum. Coarse fragments are absent in the clayey lacustrine material. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid throughout the soil. Redox accumulations occur within 40 inches and saturation occurs within 40 inches for some time in most years.
The Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture of the A or Ap horizon is sand or loamy sand.
Some pedons have an E horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is sand or loamy sand.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR and value and chroma of 3 to 6. Bw horizons with spodic color have less than 0.6 percent organic carbon. Texture is sand or loamy sand.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y; value of 4 or 5; and chroma of 3 to 6. The weighted average clay content ranges from 50 to 80 percent in the argillic horizon. Thin subhorizons with less than 60 percent clay occur in some pedons. The clay fraction is dominantly smectite.
Some pedons have a 2C horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 5YR hue, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. Texture is silty clay loam, silty clay, clay. Some pedons have thin strata of silt, silt loam, very fine sand, or fine sand.
The 3C horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 8. Texture is sand, fine sand or loamy fine sand.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Karlsborg soils are on glacial lake plains. Slope gradients range from 1 to 30 percent. These soils formed in a mantle of sandy outwash or sandy lacustrine deposits over clayey lacustrine deposits underlain by sandy outwash or sandy lacustrine deposits on lake plains or outwash plains. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 27 to 30 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 40 to 42 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from 110 to 130 days. Elevation ranges from 900 to 1100 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Dody(T), Meenon(T), and Perida(T) soils. The poorly drained Dody (T) soils and the somewhat poorly drained Meenon (T) soils form a drainage sequence with Karlsborg soils. The moderately well drained Perida soils are on slightly higher landscape positions where the sandy outwash mantle is more than 40 inches thick over the clayey lacustrine deposits.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from very low to medium. Permeability is rapid in the sandy outwash mantle, very slow or slow in the clayey lacustrine deposits and rapid in the sandy substratum. These soils have a perched seasonal high water table at a depth of 1.5 to 3 feet for 1 month or more at some time during the period of October to May in 6 or more out of 10 years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Native vegetation is a mixed deciduous and coniferous forest. Common trees are northern red oak, northern pin oak, jack pine, red pine, and eastern white pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Wisconsin. This soil is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Washburn County, Wisconsin, 2002. Source of name is the former unincorporated village of Karlsborg in Burnett County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon - 0 to 9 inches (Ap);
argillic horizon - 28 to 48 inches (2Bt1, 2Bt2);
arenic feature - sandy particle-size from the mineral surface to a depth of 28 inches;
smectitic feature - dominantly smectite clay in the argillic horizon;
oxyaquic feature - redox accumulations and saturation within 40 inches.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to soil survey sample number 90WI013002 for NSSL data on the typical pedon.