LOCATION KAUPO                   HI

Established Series
Rev. RCH/HHS
01/2023

KAUPO SERIES

The Kaupo series consists of well drained soils that formed in volcanic ash and alluvium overlying Aa lava. Kaupo soils are on lava flows and have slopes of 3 to 25 percent. Mean annual rainfall is about 50 inches and mean annual temperature is about 75 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal over fragmental, mixed, active, isohyperthermic Pachic Haplustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Kaupo very stony silty clay loam - pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted. All textures are "apparent field textures".)

Ap--0 to 6 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) very stony silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; strong very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable. slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots; many fine pores; common very fine earthy lumps; 35 percent pebbles, cobbles and stones; weak effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick)

B2--6 to 19 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) very cobbly silty clay loam grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots; common fine pores; 45 percent pebbles and cobbles; neutral (pH 6.9); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 15 inches thick)

C1--19 to 27 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) very cobbly clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots; many fine pores; 65 percent pebbles and cobbles; neutral (pH 6.9); clear irregular boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)

IIC2--27 inches; fragmental Aa lava with very little soil material in cracks.

TYPE LOCATION: Island of Maui, Maui County, Hawaii; Kaupo Quadrangle - 20 degrees 38' 06" north latitude and 156 degrees 07' 38" west longitude; 100 feet west of ranch road and .3 mile north of Kaupo Village.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth of soil ranges from 20 to 40 inches to fragmental Aa lava. The mean annual soil temperature is 74 degrees F. The B horizon is clay loam or silty clay loam. It has 35 to 50 percent rock fragments of which 20 to 30 percent are cobbles. The C1 horizon has 60 to 80 percent rock fragments of which 40 to 60 percent are cobbles.

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series in Hawaii.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Kaupo soils are on Aa lava flows. Slope is 3 to 25 percent. Elevation ranges from sea level to 1,000 feet. The soils formed in a mixture of volcanic ash and alluvium from basic igneous rock over fragmental Aa lava. Annual rainfall is 40 to 60 inches. Mean annual temperature is about 75 degrees F.; average January temperature is 73 degrees F.; average July temperature is 77 degrees F.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Makaalae and Waiakoa soils. Makaalae soils have a clayey-skeletal control section and an umbric epipedon. Waiakoa soils have a nonfragmental fine-silty control section and have hue of 5YR or redder throughout.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium runoff; moderately rapid permeability.

USE AND VEGETATION: This soil is used for pasture. The natural vegetation is apple of Solom (Solanum sodomeum), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), castor bean (Ricinus communis), guineagrass (Panicum maximum), joee (Verbena litorialis), kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum), koa-haole (Leucaena glauca), and lantana (Lantana camara).

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Island of Maui, Maui County, Hawaii. This series is of small extent, comprising about 2,500 acres.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Maui County, Hawaii, 1971.

OSED scanned by SSQA. Last revised by state on 5/78.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.