LOCATION KEETER TX

Established Series
Rev. CLN-GLL-CMR
09/2020

KEETER SERIES

The Keeter series consists of moderately deep over noncemented sandstone bedrock, well drained, moderately slowly permeable, loamy soils that formed in loamy residuum weathered from sandstone and siltstone bedrock of Cretaceous age. These gently sloping to moderately sloping soils occur on crests of ridges on hills. Slopes range from 1 to 8 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 910 mm (36 in) and the mean annual temperature is about 17 degrees C (63 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, siliceous, active, thermic Udic Haplustalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Keeter very fine sandy loam, on a north-facing, convex, 2 percent slope in wooded pasture at an elevation of 285 m (935 ft). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 in); brown (10YR 5/3) very fine sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few medium roots and common fine roots; few fine pores; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. Thickness is 8 to 15 cm (3 to 6 in)

E--10 to 18 cm (4 to 7 in); light brown (7.5YR 6/4) very fine sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; few medium roots and common fine roots; few fine pores; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. Thickness is 0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 in)

Bt1--18 to 38 cm (7 to 15 in); red (2.5YR 5/6) clay loam, red (2.5YR 4/6) moist; moderate medium angular blocky structure; very hard, firm; few medium roots and common fine roots; few skeletans on vertical faces of peds in upper part, and continuous prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay films on all faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Thickness is 15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 in)

Bt2--38 to 58 cm (15 to 23 in); red (2.5YR 5/6) clay loam, red (2.5YR 4/6) moist; moderate medium prismatic parts to moderate fine and medium angular blocky structure; very hard, firm; few medium and fine roots; few fine pores; nearly continuous prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay films on all faces of peds; common fine and medium prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Thickness is 18 to 38 cm (7 to 15 in)

Bt3--58 to 71 cm (23 to 28 in); reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) moist; moderate medium prismatic parts to moderate fine and medium angular blocky structure; hard, friable; few medium and fine roots; common fine pores; common prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films on all faces of peds; common medium faint red (2.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron and common prominent pale brown (10YR 6/3) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) iron depletions; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. Thickness is 0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 in)

BCt--71 to 84 cm (28 to 33 in); reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6 and 6/8) and very pale brown (10YR 8/3) loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6 and 5/8) and very pale brown (10YR 7/3) moist; moderate medium prismatic parts to weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few medium and fine roots; few fine pores; common distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films on vertical faces of peds; about 12 percent noncemented sandstone; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. Thickness is 10 to 30 cm (4 to 12 in)

Cd1--84 to 104 cm (33 to 41 in); very pale brown (10YR 8/3 and 8/2) noncemented sandstone bedrock (packsand), light gray (10YR 7/2) and very pale brown (10YR 7/3) moist; structureless massive; friable, noncemented; few medium and fine roots in cracks; few distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) clay films on bedrock; common medium distinct pink (7.5YR 7/4) masses of oxidized iron along lamina or strata surfaces; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. Thickness is 15 to 41 cm (6 to 16 in)

Cd2--104 to 183 cm (41 to 72 in); very pale brown (10YR 8/3) noncemented sandstone bedrock (packsand), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) moist; common light gray (10YR 7/2) interbedded strata of siltstone; friable, noncemented; few fine roots in cracks; few fine carbonate concretions along lamina or strata surfaces; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Wise County, Texas; 3.15 miles north on U.S. Highway 81-287 from its intersection with Farm Road 1810 in Decatur, 240 feet west on county road, and 120 feet south of county road in wooded area.

USGS topographic quadrangle:
Latitude: 33 degrees, 17 minutes, 0.08 seconds N
Longitude: 97 degrees, 37 minutes, 57.73 seconds W

Decimal Degrees:
Latitude: 33.2833560
Longitude: -97.6327030
Datum: WGS84

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: udic ustic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for 100 to 145 cumulative days and from 5 to 22 consecutive days in June, July, and August in normal years.
Mean annual soil temperature: 19 to 21 degrees C (66 to 70 degrees F)
Solum thickness: 50 to 100 cm (20 to 40 in)
Depth to densic bedrock: 50 to 100 cm (20 to 40 in)

Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 25 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent
Base saturation: 75 to 90 percent

A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: very fine sandy loam
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent by volume; sandstone or ironstone gravel
Reaction (pH): slightly acid or neutral (6.1 to 7.3)

E horizon (where present):
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: very fine sandy loam or fine sandy loam
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent by volume; sandstone or ironstone gravel
Reaction (pH): slightly acid or neutral (6.1 to 7.3)

Bt1 horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR or 5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: clay loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay
Clay content: 27 to 40 percent
Skeletans: 0 to 5 percent; on vertical faces of peds
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent by volume; sandstone or ironstone gravel
Reaction (pH): strongly acid to slightly acid (5.1 to 6.5)

Bt2 horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR to 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 6 or 8
Texture is clay loam, sandy clay loam, or very fine sandy loam
Redox concentrations: 0 to 20 percent; in shades of red
Redox depletions: 0 to 20 percent; in shades of yellow or brown
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent by volume; sandstone or ironstone gravel
Reaction (pH): strongly acid to slightly acid (5.1 to 6.5)

Lower Bt or BC horizon (where present):
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 8
Chroma: 4 to 8
Some pedons have a variegated color pattern.
Texture: very fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Redox concentrations: shades of red or yellow
Redox depletions: shades of yellow or brown
Identifiable secondary carbonate: 0 to 2 percent; fine; carbonate concretions
Unweathered strata: 0 to 20 percent; 2 to 76 mm in thickness; noncemented sandstone
Reaction (pH): moderately acid to neutral (5.6 to 7.3)

Cd horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 5GY
Value: 6 to 9.5
Chroma: 1 to 8
Sandstone bedrock in shades of brown to white; siltstone in shades of gray to green.
Texture: sandstone bedrock that slakes to textures of loamy fine sand to very fine sandy loam; siltstone ranges from loam to silty clay loam
Cementation: noncemented bedrock; this layer has roots mainly in fractures
Redox concentrations: 0 to 10 percent; shades of pink, yellow, or brown; along lamina or strata surfaces
Dry consistence: hard to very hard
Identifiable secondary carbonate: 0 to 2 percent; carbonate concretions
Effervescence: none to slight
Reaction (pH): slightly acid to moderately alkaline (6.1 to 8.4)

COMPETING SERIES:
There are no competing series in the same family. Similar soils are the Pedernales and Windthorst soils.
Pedernales and Windthorst soils: are very deep and deep respectively, and do not have a densic contact with sandstone within 100 cm (40 in)

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy residuum weathered from sandstone and siltstone bedrock of Lower Cretaceous age of the Upper Antlers Sand and Paluxy formations
Landscape: Hills
Landform: Summits and shoulders of crests of ridges
Slope: 1 to 8 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 800 to 1016 mm (31 to 40 in)
Annual potential evapotranspiration: 912 to 970 mm (36 to 38 in)
Annual water balance: -150 to 75 mm (-6 to 3 in)
Summer water deficit: 250 to 290 mm (10 to 11 in)
Thornthwaite P-E Index: 49 to 65
Mean annual air temperature: 16.7 to 18.9 degrees C (62 to 66 degrees F)
Frost free period: 197 to 263 days
Elevation: 198.1 to 463 m (650 to 1519 ft)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the Chaney, Duffau, Nimrod, Selden, Silawa, Weatherford, Windthorst, and Wise soils.
Chaney soils: have grey redoximorphic features in the upper part of the argillic horizon and occur on lower positions
Duffau and Weatherford soils: greater than 100 cm (40 in) to sandstone bedrock and occur on slightly lower positions
Nimrod and Selden soils: have a sandy epipedon and occur on lower positions
Silawa soils: greater than 200 cm (80 in) to sandstone bedrock and occur on stream terraces
Wise soils: have free carbonates within 18 cm (7 in) and occur on similar positions

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class: Well
Permeability class: moderately slow
Runoff: medium on 1 to 5 percent slopes and high on 5 to 8 percent slopes

USE AND VEGETATION:
The major uses are livestock grazing and hay production, but most areas were cultivated in the past. The native plant community is elm, post oak, and blackjack oak with an understory of little bluestem, silver bluestem, sideoats grama, Texas Wintergrass, and purpletop.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
General location: north-central Texas
Land Resource Region: J-Southwestern Prairies Cotton and Forage Region
Major Land Resource Area: 84B-West Cross Timbers
Extent: moderate

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Wise County, Texas; 1984. The name "Keeter" comes from the Keeter community in southeastern Wise County, Texas.

REMARKS:
These soils were formerly included in the Windthorst series.
Depth to root restriction changed from very deep to moderately deep based on field observations. Added soil moisture statements developed using the Java Newhall Simulation Model to the range in characteristics. Added similar climatic statements to geographic setting. Removed references to weakly cemented sandstone in favor of noncemented sandstone.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section: 18 to 68 cm (7 to 27 in) (Bt horizons)
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 in) (A and E horizons)
Argillic horizon: 18 to 71 cm (7 to 28 in) (Bt horizons)
Albic materials: 18 to 38 cm (7 to 15 in) (Bt1 horizon)
Redoximorphic concentrations: 58 to 104 cm (23 to 41 in) (Bt3, BC, and Cd1 horizons)
Densic contact: top of sandstone bedrock at 84 cm (33 in) (top of Cd1 horizon)

Additional Comments:
The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is supported by KSSL sample number 78P0389 from Erath County, Texas.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
SDHPT Data: type location S82TX-497-009 and S80TX-497-003
KSSL Data: S1977TX143001 (78P0389)

TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.