LOCATION WISE                    TX

Established Series
Rev. CLN-GLL-CMR
09/2020

WISE SERIES

The Wise series consists of moderately deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in loamy slope alluvium and residuum weathered from mudstone of lower Cretaceous Age. These gently to moderately sloping soils occur on crests and side slopes of ridges on low hills. Slope range is 3 to 8 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 910 mm (36 in) and the mean annual temperature is about 17 degrees C (63 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, siliceous, active, thermic Udic Haplustepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Wise clay loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 in); brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; moderate fine granular and subangular blocky structure; hard, very friable; many fine, medium, and a few coarse roots; common wormcasts; common fine and medium pores; few fine concretions of calcium carbonate; few fossil shells and limestone fragments, less than 1/2 inch across; calcareous; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. Thickness is 13 to 23 cm (5 to 9 in)

Bw--18 to 46 cm (7 to 18 in); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine and few medium roots; few wormcasts; few fine pores; few fine and medium concretions of calcium carbonate; few fossil shells and limestone fragments less than 1/2 inch across; calcareous; moderately alkaline; diffuse smooth boundary. Thickness is 15 to 38 cm (6 to 15 in)

Bk--46 to 69 cm (18 to 27 in); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; few medium distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) and olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) mottles; moderate fine and medium blocky structure; very hard, friable; few fine and medium roots; few wormcasts; few fine and medium pores; fine concretions, soft masses, films and threads of calcium carbonate comprise less than 3 percent by volume; calcareous; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. Thickness is 18 to 46 cm (7 to 18 in)

Cd--69 to 152 cm (27 to 60 in); stratified layers less than 1 inch to 14 inches thick of light gray (2.5Y 7/2) silt loam (2.5Y 6/2) moist and light gray (5Y 7/2) noncemented mudstone with silty clay loam texture, light olive gray (5Y 6/2) moist; common medium distinct pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) mottles in shaly material; massive; very hard, friable; few fine roots; calcium carbonate concretions and soft masses less than 1/2 inch in diameter comprise less than 2 percent by volume; few rounded limestone nodules 2 to 6 inches in diameter; calcareous; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Wise County, Texas; from the intersection of Texas Highway 114 and Farm Road 2123 in Bridgeport, 7.8 miles south on Farm Road 2123, 0.85 mile west on county road, 0.55 mile south, 0.5 mile west, 0.2 mile south, 0.9 mile west, 0.6 mile south and 50 feet east of county road in rangeland.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: udic ustic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for 100 to 145 cumulative days and from 5 to 22 consecutive days in June, July, and August in normal years.
Mean annual soil temperature: 19 to 21 degrees C (66 to 70 degrees F)
Solum thickness: 50 to 100 cm (20 to 40 in)
Depth to densic bedrock: 50 to 100 cm (20 to 40 in)

Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Silicate clay content: 20 to 30 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalence: 15 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent

A horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, or loam
Rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent by volume; limestone
Effervescence: none to strong
Reaction (pH): mildly alkaline or moderately alkaline (7.4 to 8.4)
Horizons with moist values less than 3.5 are less than 18cm (7 in) in thickness.

Bw or Bk horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, or loam
Rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent by volume; limestone
Effervescence: very slight to violent
Reaction (pH): mildly alkaline or moderately alkaline (7.4 to 8.4)
Some pedons have few to common mottles in shades of olive, brown, or yellow.

Cd or 2Cd layer:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 6 to 8
Chroma: 2 to 4
Sandstone bedrock in shades of brown to white; siltstone in shades of gray to green.
Texture: sandstone bedrock that slakes to textures of very fine sand, loamy very fine sand, loamy fine sand or very fine sandy loam; siltstone ranges from loam to silty clay loam
Cementation: noncemented bedrock; this layer has roots mainly in fractures
Redox concentrations: 0 to 10 percent; shades of olive, brown, or yellow; along lamina or strata surfaces
Dry consistence: hard to very hard
Identifiable secondary carbonate: 0 to 5 percent; carbonate concretions and masses
In some pedons limestone layers are interbedded with sandstone and siltstone. Strata are generally 1 to 10 cm (0.5 to 4 in) in thickness.

COMPETING SERIES:
There are no competing series in the same family. Similar soils are the Altoga, Aspermont, Cuthand, Enterprise, Gotebo, Hardeman, Hext, Howe, Lamar, Obaro, Shep, Venus, Weymouth, and Woodward soils.
Altoga, Cuthand, and Howe soils: have greater than 40 percent calcium carbonate equivalence below a depth of 25 cm (10 in)
Aspermont and Obaro soils: have a hue redder than 7.5YR
Enterprise, Gotebo, Hardeman, Hext, and Woodward soils: have a clay content of less than 20 percent below a depth of 25 cm (10 in)
Lamar soils: have a wetter soil moisture control section and formed in upper Cretaceous Age parent material
Shep and Weymouth soils: do not have less than 15 percent fine sand or coarser material below a depth of 25 cm (10 in)
Venus soils: have a mollic epipedon

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy slope alluvium and residuum weathered from sandstone and siltstone bedrock of Lower Cretaceous age of the Antlers Sand, Twin Mountains, and Paluxy formations and loamy slope alluvium weathered from limestone and mudstone of the Glen Rose and Walnut Clay formations
Landscape: Hills
Landform: shoulders and backslopes of crests and side slopes of ridges
Slope: 3 to 8 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 693 to 941 mm (27 to 37 in)
Summer moisture deficit: 180 to 229 (7 to 9 in)
Thornthwaite P-E Index: 44 to 54
Mean annual air temperature: 16.7 to 18.9 degrees C (62 to 66 degrees F)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the Clairette, Venus, Weatherford, and Windthorst series.
Clairette soils: have argillic horizons and occur on base slopes
Venus soils: have mollic epipedons and occur on base slopes and head slopes
Windthorst soils: have argillic horizons and occur on interfluves and crests
Weatherford soils: are noncalcareous and have argillic horizons and occur on similar positions

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class: well
Permeability class: moderate
Runoff: low on 3 to 5 percent slopes and medium on 5 to 8 percent slopes

USE AND VEGETATION:
The major uses are livestock grazing, but some areas are cultivated. The native plant community is a mid and tall grass prairie dominated by little bluestem with a few scattered mottes of live oak trees.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
General location: north-central Texas
Land Resource Region: J-Southwestern Prairies Cotton and Forage Region
Major Land Resource Area: 84B-West Cross Timbers and 85-Grand Prairie
Extent: small

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Coryell County, Texas; 1983. The name "Wise" comes from Wise County, Texas.

REMARKS:
The series was formerly included with the Lamar or Altoga series. The series was separated based on soil moisture and parent material.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section: 18 to 69 cm (7 to 27 in) (Bw and Bk horizons)
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 in) (A horizon)
Cambic horizon: 18 to 69 cm (7 to 27 in) (Bw and Bk horizons)
Densic contact: 69 cm (27 in) (top of Cd layer)

ADDITIONAL DATA: NASIS Pedon ID S2019TX439014, KSSL Laboratory Sample Nos.19N03006-19N03012.

TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.