LOCATION KIMO                    KS

Established Series
Rev. BCE
12/2021

KIMO SERIES

The Kimo series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained, soils old channels on flood plain steps. They formed in clayey over loamy alluvium. Slopes range from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual temperature is 12 degrees C. (54 degree F.)

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey over loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Fluvaquentic Hapludolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Kimo silty clay loam - cultivated. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 centimeters (0 to 7 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

A1--18 to 38centimeters (7 to 15 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

A2--38 to 58 centimeters (15 to 23 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, very sticky and very plastic; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of A horizons is 31 to 61 centimeters (12 to 24 inches.)

AC--58 to 69 centimeters (23 to 27 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 31 centimeters (0 to 12 inches thick)

2C1--69 to 107 centimeters (27 to 42 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; neutral; diffuse wavy boundary.

2C2--107 to 152 centimeters (42 to 60 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; thin strata of light gray (10YR 7/2) very fine sand; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Shawnee County, Kansas; about 4.5 miles west of Rossville; 774 meters (2,540 feet) west and 31 meters (100 feet) south of the northeast corner of sec. 36, T. 10 S., R. 12 E. USGS Rossville Topographic quadrangle lat. 39 degrees 04 minutes 16 seconds N. and long. 95 Degrees 34 minutes 50 seconds W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to redox concentrations: 58 to 107 centimeters (23 to 42 inches)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 41 to 61 centimeters (16 to 24 inches)
Particle-size control section (weighted average): 25 to 102 centimeters (10 to 40 inches)
Clay content: 35 to 60 percent

A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3 moist; 4 or 5 dry
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand and loamy very fine sand in areas of overwash
Clay content: 35 to 60 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

AC horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4 moist; 5 or 6 dry
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay
Clay content: 35 to 60 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline

C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4 moist; 5 or 6 dry
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 moist; 5 to 7 dry
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, very fine sandy loam, loam; with thin strata of fine sand and sand
Clay content: 5 to 18 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are Leta and Parkville in the same family and the Blase, Blencoe, Muscotah, Onawa, Percival, and Wabash series.
Leta and Parkville soils are calcareous at or near the surface.
Blase soils are more acid.
Blencoe soils have 2C horizons with more than 18 percent clay.
Onawa and Percival soils lack mollic epipedons.
Muscotah and Wabash soils are clayey throughout.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: clayey over loamy alluvium
Landform: old channels and oxbows on floodplain steps
Flooding: occasional, rare, and very rare
Duration: brief
Months: March to June
Slopes: 0 to 1 percent; plane to slightly concave
Elevation: 232 meters to 317 meters (760 to 1040 feet)
Range of annual temperature: 12 to 13 degrees C (53 to 56 degrees F)
Range of annual precipitation: 86 to 102 centimeters (34 to 40 inches)
Precipitation pattern: udic
Frost-free period: 170 to 190 days.
Thornthwaite Annual P-E Index: 55 to 70.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Belvue, Bismarckgrove, Bourbonais, Eudora, Kiro, Stonehouse, and Zeandale soils.
Belvue soils are coarse-silty and have carbonates below 51 centimeters (20 inches).
Bismarckgrove soils are fine-silty and sit somewhat higher on the landscape.
Bourbonais soils are coarse-silty over sandy and are higher on the floodplain.
Eudora soils are coarse-silty and have a mollic epipedon.
Kiro soils are fine and in a depression.
Stonehouse soils are sandy and are higher on the floodplain.
Zeandale soils have carbonates throughout.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: Somewhat poorly drained
Runoff: negligible to low
Saturated Hydraulic conductivity: moderately low

USE AND VEGETATION: Most Kimo soils are cultivated. Principal crops are small-
grains, sorghum, alfalfa, soybeans, and corn. Native vegetation was tall prairie grasses with occasional deciduous trees.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: LRR M; MLRA 106: Kimo soils occur along the Kansas River in northeast Kansas. This series is moderately extensive.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Shawnee County, Kansas, 1970

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section: The zone from 10 to 40 inches. (A1, A2, AC, 2C1 horizons)
Mollic epipedon: The zone from 20 to 61 centimeters (8 to 24 inches). (Ap, A1, A2 horizons)
Redoximorphic concentrations: In the zone from 58 to 107 centimeters (23 to 42 inches). (A2, A3, AC horizons)
Lithologic discontinuity: At the upper boundary of the 2C horizon.
12/00 BCE, JCR
Changed the runoff from very slow or slow to low or negligible. Changed Thornthwaite Annual P-E Index: 55 to 70 from 44 to 66. Classification was changed due to changes in Taxonomy JCW 12/21

ADDITIONAL DATA: Kansas State University Pedology Laboratory: 94KS087116, (SS1543-1550); 97KS045001, (SS1259-1263), and 99KS149001, (786S-791S).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.