LOCATION KLOSSNER                MN+IA

Established Series
Rev. TCJ-DAN-JJB
03/2014

KLOSSNER SERIES

The Klossner series consists of very deep, very poorly drained soils that formed in well decomposed organic material overlying loamy or silty lacustrine deposits, slope alluvium, or till. These soils are depressions on moraines, till plains, lake plains, flood plains, and seeps. Slope ranges from 0 to 9 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 585 to 930 millimeters. Mean annual air temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, mixed, euic, mesic Terric Haplosaprists

TYPICAL PEDON: Klossner muck, on a 1 percent slope, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Oap--0 to 25 cm; black (N 2.5/) muck, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; about 20 percent fiber, less than 5 percent rubbed; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many very fine roots; pH 5.8 (moderately acid); abrupt smooth boundary.

Oa--25 to 66 cm; black (10YR 2/1) muck, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; about 60 percent fiber, about 6 percent rubbed; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many very fine roots; pH 5.8 (moderately acid); gradual smooth boundary.

2A1--66 to 91 cm; black (N 2.5/) mucky silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; pH 6.3 (slightly acid); gradual smooth boundary.

2A2--91 to 122 cm; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam; massive; friable; few dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) iron concentrations in root channels; 1 percent gravel; pH 7.0 (neutral); gradual wavy boundary.

2Cg1--122 to 165 cm; olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay loam; massive; friable; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) iron concentrations in root channels; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron concentrations; 1 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; pH 7.6 (slightly alkaline); gradual wavy boundary.

2Cg2--165 to 200 cm; gray (5Y 5/1) loam; massive; friable; many medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) iron concentrations; 3 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; pH 7.6 (slightly alkaline).

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 103-Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies; Nicollet County, Minnesota; about 2600 feet north and 2300 feet east of the southwest corner of section 12, T. 110 N., R. 28 W.; USGS Nicollet topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 20 minutes 53.0 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 8 minutes 29.0 seconds W., NAD 83;372749 meters easting, 4911165 northing, NAD83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the sapric material--41 to 127 centimeters
Organic matter content-20 to 85 percent in the organic surface
Depth to carbonates--81 to 152 centimeters, some pedons have carbonates to the surface

Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content--15 to 40 percent
Sand content-5 to 75 percent
Rock fragments-0 to 25 percent gravel and cobbles, mixed lithology

Oap and Oa horizons:
Hue--5YR to 10YR, or neutral
Value--2 or 3 moist, 3 or 4 dry
Chroma--0 to 2
Texture--Muck (sapric materials)
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 to 5 percent
Reaction--Moderately acid to moderately alkaline
Thickness-40 to 127 centimeters

2A horizon:
Hue--10YR to 5Y, or neutral
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--0 to 2
Texture--Loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam which may be modified by muck
Clay content--25 to 40 percent
Sand content--5 to 60 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 to 15 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to slightly alkaline
Thickness--15 to 105 centimeters

2Cg horizon:
Hue--10YR to 5Y, 5GY, or neutral
Value--4 to 7
Chroma--0 to 2
Texture--loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam or fine sandy loam modified by gravel and cobbles
Clay content--15 to 40 percent
Sand content--5 to 75 percent
Rock fragment content-0 to 25 percent gravel and cobbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 to 20 percent
Reaction--Slightly acid to moderately alkaline
Thickness--0 to 120 centimeters

COMPETING SERIES:
Linwood--have organic horizons formed in woody materials
Medo--have sandy textures in the lower portion of the series control section
Natchaug--have organic horizons formed in woody materials and do not have A horizons directly below the organic material
Palms--do not have A horizons directly below the organic matter that are more than 20 cm thick Philbon--have organic horizons formed in woody materials
Shalcar--soils have less than 14 degrees C difference between the mean January and mean July temperatures

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--well decomposed organic material overlying loamy or silty lacustrine deposits, slope alluvium, or till
Landform--depressions on moraines, till plains, lake plains, flood plains, and seeps
Slope--0 to 9 percent
Elevation--170 to 600 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 11 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--585 to 930 millimeters
Frost-free period--150 to 200 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Blue Earth, Canisteo, Essexville, and Harps soils.
Blue Earth--formed in mucky silt loam
Canisteo--are on the rims of depressions
Essexville--are on the edges of depressions and on sandbars
Harps--are on the rims of depressions

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--very poorly drained--these soils are frequently ponded 30 to 90 centimeters above the surface during the wettest period of normal years in natural conditions.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.4 to 42.3 micrometers per second (high to very high) in the organic material and 0.4 to 14.1 micrometers per second (moderately low to moderately high) in the mineral material.

USE AND VEGETATION:
When drained, these soils are cultivated. The main crops are corn, soybeans, small grains and specialty crops such as vegetables or grass sod. Reed canarygrass commonly dominates partially drained pasture. The native vegetation is herbaceous marsh species tolerant of excessive wetness such as, cattails, bulrushes, giant burreed, giant reed grass and hydrophytic sedges.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic Sections--Dissected Till Plains, Western Lake, and Wisconsin Driftless
MLRAs--Central Minnesota Sandy Outwash (91A),
Rolling Till Prairie (102A),
Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103),
Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104), and
Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105)
LRR K and LRR M; Iowa and Minnesota
Extent--Large

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Nicollet County, Minnesota, 1989.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--The upper 30 centimeters of the mineral layer (2A and 2Cg horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 200 centimeters.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Sapric soil materials--the zone from the surface to a depth 66 centimeters;
reduced matrix--the zone from 122 to 203 centimeters. This concept is in the aquic moisture regime.
Klossner was formerly included in the Palms Series in Minnesota. A firm till substratum phase of clay loam with a moist bulk density of 1.6 To 1.9 grams/cubic centimeter is recognized in the Kandiyohi till geomorphic surface.

MLRA SSO Responsible: 10-ALB (Albert Lea, Minnesota)

ADDITIONAL DATA: Pedon 1989MN103OSD is the type location.
Laboratory data--Pedons S1978MN015-001 (2697), S1978MN015-008 (2704), S1980MN079-008 (3251), S1980MN099-000 (3400), and S1981MN015-003 (3475) have accompanying University of Minnesota lab data in KSSL.

---

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.