LOCATION ODANAH WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, frigid Haplic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Odanah silt loam; on a convex, west facing 2 percent slope in an area of mixed conifer and northern hardwoods at an elevation of about 800 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 4 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) silt loam, brown (7.5YR 4/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; about 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
E/B--4 to 8 inches; 70 percent reddish gray (5YR 5/2) silt loam (E), pinkish gray (5YR 7/2) dry; weak thick platy structure; friable; extends as tongues into and surrounds remnants of reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine and medium and few coarse roots; about 2 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
B/E--8 to 12 inches; 80 percent reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay (Bt); moderate medium angular blocky structure; very firm; common faint dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of reddish brown (5YR 5/3) silt loam (E), pink (5YR 7/3) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium and few coarse roots; about 2 percent gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Glossic horizon - 4 to 25 inches thick)
Bt1--12 to 26 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; very firm; common fine and few medium roots between peds; common faint dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; few faint reddish brown (2.5YR 5/3) coatings of clean silt grains on faces of some peds; about 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--26 to 30 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; very firm; few fine and medium roots between peds; common faint dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; about 2 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 9 to 20 inches)
Btk1--30 to 40 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure; very firm; few fine roots between peds; common faint dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; few prominent very dark gray (5YR 3/1) organic coatings in root channels; few fine irregular faint light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/3) soft masses of calcium carbonate; few very fine irregular prominent black (N 2.5/0) soft masses of iron-manganese oxides; strongly effervescent (about 5 percent calcium carbonate); about 2 percent gravel; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Btk2--40 to 55 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure; very firm; few fine roots between peds; common faint dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; common faint light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/3) coatings of calcium carbonate on faces of peds; few prominent very dark gray (5YR 3/1) organic coatings in root channels; many medium irregular faint light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/3) soft masses of calcium carbonate; few very fine and fine irregular prominent black (N 2.5/0) soft masses of iron-manganese oxides; violently effervescent (about 20 percent calcium carbonate); about 2 percent gravel; strongly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Btk3--55 to 80 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure; very firm; few fine roots between peds; few faint dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; common medium irregular faint light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/3) soft masses of calcium carbonate; common very fine and fine irregular prominent black (N 2.5/0) soft masses of iron-manganese oxides; violently effervescent (16 percent calcium carbonate); about 2 percent gravel; moderately alkaline. (Combined thickness of the Btk horizon ranges from 12 to 55 inches)
TYPE LOCATION: Ashland County, Wisconsin; about 6 miles south of Ashland; 260 feet south and 370 feet west of the northeast corner of section 6, T. 46 N., R. 4 W.; USGS Ashland West, WI quad.; lat. 46 degrees 30' 6" N. and long. 90 degrees 53' 50" W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 40 to more than 80 inches. Depth to free carbonates ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Hue of 2.5YR is typical in the particle-size control section and is always present in at least some part. The weighted average clay content of the control section ranges from 35 to 60 percent and the weighted average content of fine sand or coarser is less than 15 percent. Mean annual soil temperature at 20 inches ranges from 38 to 45 degrees F. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 10 percent throughout. Volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 2 percent throughout. Mudflow lenses or remnant discontinuous disoriented varves occur in individual horizons in some pedons.
The A horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 2 or 3; and chroma of 1 to 3. Cultivated pedons have an Ap horizon hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 3 or 4; and chroma of 2 or 3. Reaction naturally ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid but ranges to neutral, where the soil is limed.
Some pedons have an E horizon with hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 or 5; and chroma of 2 or 3. Colors of 4/3 or 5/3 have value dry of 7 or more. The E horizon is loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid.
Odanah soils have a glossic horizon (E/B or B/E horizon, or both). The E part has color and texture like the E horizon described above. The Bt part has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR; value and chroma of 3 or 4. It is loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to neutral.
The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR and value and chroma of 3 or 4. It is clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly alkaline.
The Btk horizon has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR and value of 3 to 5. It is clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Reaction is moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Some pedons have a BC horizon with hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 4. It is clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Reaction is moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Some pedons have a C horizon with color, texture, and reaction like the BC horizon described above.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Cornucopia and Kolberg series.Cornucopia soils have stratified loamy and sandy deposits in the lower part of the series control section at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. Kolberg soils have a lithic contact with limestone at 20 to 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Odanah soils are on knolls and side slopes on till plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 60 percent. These soils formed in clayey till derived from clayey lacustrine deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 36 to 43 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from about 90 to 120 days. Elevation ranges from 600 to 1000 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Badriver, Manistee, and Sanborg(T) soils. The somewhat poorly drained Badriver soils and the moderately well drained Sanborg soils form a drainage sequence with Odanah soils. Manistee soils are in landscape positions similar to those of Odanah soils where there is a sandy outwash mantle 20 to 40 inches thick over the clayey till.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff ranges from slow to very rapid. Permeability is slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for woodland. Some areas are used for cropland and pastureland. Oats, bromegrass, timothy, alfalfa, trefoil, and red clover are the principle crops. Many areas which were formally cropland are now idle and are reverting to natural vegetation. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forest. Common trees are red maple, balsam fir, white spruce, red pine, white pine, quaking aspen, paper birch, and red oak. Common understory species are American hazel, black snakeroot, big leaf aster, wild sarsaparilla, and bracken fern.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Wisconsin along Lake Superior (MLRA K92). This series is extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Ashland County, Wisconsin; 1995. Source of the name is the village of Odanah in North-central Ashland County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon: ochric epipedon - 0 to 4 inches (A); glossic horizon - 4 to 12 inches (E/B, B/E); argillic horizon - 8 to 80 inches (B/E, Bt1, Bt2, Btk1, Btk2, Btk3).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record: WI0569. Refer to soil survey sample number S64WI-2-1 for NSSL data on a pedon sampled as Hibbing Taxadjunct which now correlates to Odanah. This sample site is within 100 feet of the typical pedon site. For NSSL data on some Odanah pedons, refer to soil survey sample numbers S88WI-003-006, S90WI-007-004, S90WI-007-005, and S90WI-007-008. Also refer to Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 34, pages 64-65, for NSSL data on another pedon which correlates to Odanah and was sampled as Hibbing Taxadjunct.