LOCATION KRONQUIST               WA

Established Series
Rev. EMM/RWL/RJS
10/2016

KRONQUIST SERIES

The Kronquist series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils formed in alluvium mixed with loess and volcanic ash in the upper part. Kronquist soils are in drainageways, flood plains and basins, and around perimeters of lakes. Slopes are 0 to 3 percent. The mean precipitation is about 22 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 44 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, isotic, frigid Aquandic Endoaqualfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Kronquist ashy silt loam. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted. All textures are apparent field textures)

A--0 to 11 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) ashy silt loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine roots; many very fine irregular and tubular pores; neutral (pH 6.6); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 11 inches thick)

BAt--11 to 27 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) ashy silt loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist strong medium prismatic structure parting to strong very fine angular blocky; slightly hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine roots; many very fine irregular and tubular pores; common faint clay films in pores and on some faces of peds; few very fine black stains in pores;15 percent fine gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; 2 percent fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron and manganese accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary. (14 to 18 inches thick)

Btg1--27 to 40 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist, strong fine prismatic structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; moderately hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; many very fine and common fine pores; common faint and distinct, slightly darker colored clay films on surfaces of peds; continuous clay films in tubular pores and some adjacent irregular pores; 2 percent fine distinct, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist masses of iron and manganese accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 16 inches thick)

Btg2--40 to 55 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium angular blocky; moderately hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; common fine and many very fine irregular and interstitial pores; common faint and distinct clay films on faces of peds; continuous clay films in tubular pores and in some adjacent irregular pores; 2 percent fine faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist masses of iron and manganese accumulation; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt wavy boundary. (12 to 20 inches thick)

BCtg--55 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; moderately hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; few faint clay films in pores; 2 percent fine faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist masses of iron and manganese accumulation; neutral (pH 7.2).

TYPE LOCATION: Spokane County, Washington; about 1.75 miles southeast of the junction or Forker Road and Highway 206, 250 feet west of Forker Road; about 2,080 feet south, 820 feet west of the northeast corner of section 2, T. 26 N., R. 44 E., W.M.; USGS Foothills, Wa. Topographic quadrangle; Latitude 47 degrees, 46 minutes, 55 seconds N. and Longitude 117 degrees, 11 minutes, 59 seconds W., NAD 83

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature - 44 to 46 degrees F.
Thickness of umbric epipedon thickness - greater than 20 inches
Volcanic ash influence - 20 to 30 inches thick
Estimated properties of the volcanic ash influenced layers:
Volcanic glass content - 5 to 20 percent
Acid oxalate Al + 1/2 Fe - 0.4 to 1.0 percent
Moist bulk density - 1.0 to 1.2 g/cc
15-bar water retention - 5 to 10 percent on air-dried samples
Clay content - 27 to 34 percent in the particle-size control section
Rock fragment content - less than 10 percent in the particle-size control section
Depth to apparent water table - February through May, 10 to 20 inches; June through January - greater than 20 inches
Depth to redoximorphic features with a chroma of 2 or less - 10 to 20 inches
Redox concentrations - distinct or prominent in the lower part of the umbric epipedon
Reaction - neutral or slightly acid throughout

A or Ap horizon
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y
Value - 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma - 1 or 2, dry or moist
Texture - ashy silt loam or ashy silty clay loam

BAt or BA horizon
Hue - 10YR or 2.5Y
Value - 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma - 0 to 2, dry or moist

Btg horizon
Hue - 10YR, 2.5Y, or Neutral
Value - 4 or 5 dry, 2 to 3 moist
Chroma - commonly 0 to 2, moist or dry but ranges to 3 in the Btg2 horizon
Texture - silty clay loam or clay loam

BCg horizon or C horizon (when present)
Hue - 10YR, 2.5Y, or Neutral
Value - 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma - 0 to 3
Texture - sandy clay loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam
Gravel content - 0 to 10 percent

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kronquist soils are in drainageways, basins and flood plains, and on the perimeters of lakes at elevations of 1,600 to 2,400 feet. Slopes are 0 to 3 percent. They formed in mixed alluvium, mixed with loess and volcanic ash in the upper part. These soils are in a continental climate having dry summers and cool, most winters. The average January temperature is 26 degrees F. and the average July temperature is 68 degrees F. The mean annual temperature is 42 to 46 degrees F. The mean annual precipitation is 18 to 25 inches. The frost-free season is 80 to 110 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Green Bluff, Hoodoo, Kramerhill, Kruse, and Spokane soils. All of these soils except Hoodoo do not have an aquic moisture regime. Green bluff soils are frigid, coarse-loamy and are on backslopes of foothills. Hoodoo soils are poorly drained, ashy, and are in drainageways and bottomlands. Kramerhill soils are fine-loamy, mesic and are on convex footslopes and backslopes of mountains and foothills. Spokane soils have a mollic epipedon, are coarse-loamy, mesic, and are on west and south-facing convex backslopes of hills.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained; moderately low saturated hydraulic conductivity. These soils are occasionally flooded for brief periods from January through May. An apparent water table is at its uppermost limit from February through May.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for grazing, hay, pasture, and wildlife habitat. Potential natural vegetation is tufted hairgrass, reed canarygrass, red top, sedges, reeds, rushes, willows, aspen and hawthorne.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Washington. MLRA 44A; Series is of small extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Spokane County, Washington, 2016.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizon and features recognized in this pedon are:
Umbric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 27 inches (the A and BAt horizons)
Argillic horizon - the zone from 27 to 55 inches (Btg1 and Btg2 horizons)
Particle-size control section - the zone from 27 to 47 (the Btg1 and part of the Btg2 horizon)
Vitrandic feature - the zone from the surface to 27 inches (the A and BAt, horizons)
An assumed irregular decrease in organic carbon with depth
An aquic moisture regime

Significant areas of Kronquist were previously mapped as Konner in Spokane County. Areas of Konner mapped in Stevens County will need further investigation as to their drainage class and soil temperature regime.

Kronquist soils should be further investigated to determine typical mineralogy (isotic vs. mixed)

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.